John Enterprise has the following assets and liabilities as at 31 December 2022: Creditors Equipment and Machinery Fixtures and Fittings Van Stock of Goods Debtors Cash at Bank Cash in Hand RM 5,600 12,400 14,600 18,000 8,700 2,200 7,400 300 You are not given the capital amount at that date. During the first week of January 2023 John Enterprise: i. Bought additional office equipment by cheque for RM1,500 ii. Bought extra stock by cheque RM850 iii. Paid creditors by cheque RM2,300 iv. Debtors paid John Enterprise RM1,000 by cheque and RM200 by cash. v. The owner put in extra RM5,000 into the business, RM3,600 by cheque and RM1,400 in cash. Required: Draw up a balance sheet as at 7 January 2023 after the above transactions have been completed.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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