Jordan spends all her income on two goods, X and Y. The prices she paid and the quantities she consumed last year are as follows: Py = 15, X = 20, Py 25, and Y = 30. If the prices next year are Py= 6 and Py 30, %3D Y %3D %3D
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- QUESTION 1An individual lives for two periods and decides how much to consume in each period.- In the first period his consumption equals C1 and his income Y1 = 200- In the second period his consumption equals C2 and his income Y2 = 100He can save or borrow money in the first period to finance his consumption in the second period.The interest rate he gets in case he saves or has to pay in case he borrows money equals 7%.Determine the budget constraint of this individual. C2 = −0.935·C1 +314C2 =−1.07·C1 +314C2 =−0.8·C1 +314C2 =−1.08·C1 +314 QUESTION 2The total production of a good y is determined by the production function y = 3L2/3K1/3, where L is labour input and K capital input.The reward (factor prices) for labour and capital are, l = 27 en r = 2, respectively.The producer needs to produce 9000 units of good y.How much units of labour will he hire if he wants to miminize his total costs? 1587,4839,953000515,23 QUESTION 3A good is traded on a perfectly competitive…***PLEASE READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY - EACH HAS MULTIPLE REQUIREMENTS*** Given: Barbara has an income of $2000 this year, and she expects an income of $1100 next year. She can borrow and lend money at an interest rate of 10%. Consumption goods cost $1 per unit this year and there is no inflation. a. Suppose that Barbara’s utility function is U=C1C2 where the marginal rate of substitution is −?2/?1. Sketch the indifference curve and find the tangent point. How much will Barbara consume in each period? Will she borrow or save in the first period? b. If the interest rate went up to 20%: Will she save or borrow? How does the amount compare to your answer in part a?Say you define your permanent income as the average income this and the past 4 years’ incomes and you always consume 4/5 of your permanent income. Your earnings record over these years has been: Yt = 40,000 Yt-1 = 38,000 Yt-2 = 34,000 Yt-3 = 32,000 Yt-4 = 31,000 If next year your income increases to Yt+1 = 46,000 by how much will your consumption change between year t and year t+1?
- Explain how does adecrease in the current income y affect the consumer’s consumption-saving decision. In particular,explain: 1) How will current consumption c, future consumption c', and savings s change; 2) Arethere any substitution effect or income effect. Make sure you draw two figures, one for the borrowersand one for the lenders.Explain how does adecrease in the current income y affect the consumer’s consumption-saving decision. In particular,explain: 1) How will current consumption c, future consumption c′, and savings s change; 2) Arethere any substitution effect or income effect. Make sure you draw two figures, one for the borrowersand one for the lendersSuppose an economy produces only 2 products that will also be used for directconsumption, as per the article at the end of the exam: chicken wings and donuts. Inthe second quarter of 2021 (the base period), 180,000 pounds of chicken wings wereproduced, at a value of $3.50 per pound, while in the second quarter of 2022,production of chicken wings increased to 200,000 pounds, at a value of $3.75 perpound. In the second quarter of 2021 (the base period), 85,000 donuts were producedat a value of $0.85 per donut, while in the second quarter of 2022, donut productionincreased to 100,000 donuts, each at a value of $0.95 per donut. The population inthis economy is 1000 individuals in 2022, while the number of hours worked in 2022is 5000. Also, the quantities that were produced in 2021 represent the quantities thatwere purchased by the typical household, meaning that everything that was producedwas sold.d. Solve for the amount of labor productivity in the second quarter of 2022.e. Solve for the…
- Consider the intertemporal consumption problem of Mr Cronus between two periods, say this yearand next year. His utility function takes the form U (c1; c2) = pc1 +0:97pc2, where c1 and c2 arehis consumption this and next year respectively. It can be shown (and you do not have to) thatthis utility function satis es diminishing marginal rate of substitution.His yearly income is stable at 100 unit (let say a unit is ten-thousand). He faces di¤erent interestrates between borrowing and saving. Speci cally, the saving interest rate is 0:02, whereas theborrowing interest rate is 0:04.(a) Describe the budget set facing Mr Cronus.(b) Is Mr Cronus a borrower? Explain your answer.(c) Is Mr Cronus a saver? Explain your answer.A consumer has utility u(x,y) = x^4 y^2 where x is this year’s consumption, and y is next year’s consumption. She makes 600 dollars income this year and 720 dollars income the next year. There is also a bank where she can borrow money at the interest rate r=%50 and lend money (to the bank) at the interest rate r=%20 (of course, she will decide to borrow or lend this year and pay off her debt or receive her savings the next year). a. Should she borrow money from or lend to the bank this year? How much b. If her utility were u(x,y) = xy2 instead, re-solving (a), would she borrow money or lend? How much? c. If her utility were u(x,y) = x^c y^2, what should “c” be so that she ends up neither borrowing nor lending?Course: Microeconomics - Intertemporal Consumption Decisions Consider a person who consumes in the 2 periods (C1 and C2), but ONLY works and earns an income in the first period (C1). Assume that consumption in each period behaves as a normal good.a) What is the effect of a rise in income on welfare? And on consumption in both periods? GRAPHb) What is the effect of a rise in the interest rate (assume that r goes from 10% to 15%) that occurs before the consumption decisions on welfare? GRAPH and on consumption in both periods?) GRAPH
- Suppose Matt’s income is $120. He plans to spend it on two goods bread and avacado. Prices are: Pb = $4 per loaf of bread, Pa = $1 per avocado If Matt spends all his income on loafs of bread, how many does he buy? If Matt spends all his income on avocadoes, how many does he buy? If Matt buys 10 loaf of bread, how many avocados can he buy? Plot each of the bundles from parts A – C on a graph that measures avocadoes on the horizontal axis and loaves of bread on the vertical axis, connect the dots to find Matt’s budget constraint. Show what happens to the budget constraint if his income falls to $100, (prices do not change). Show what happens to the budget constraint if price of avocado rises to Pa = $2 per avocado, (income and price of loaves of bread did not change).During any year, I can consume any amount that doesnot exceed my current wealth. If I consume c dollars duringa year, I earn ca units of happiness. By the beginning of thenext year, the previous year’s ending wealth grows by afactor k.a Formulate a recursion that can be used to maximizetotal utility earned during the next T years. Assume Ioriginally have w0 dollars.b Let ft(w) be the maximum utility earned during years t, t 1, . . . , T, given that I have w dollars at the be-ginning of year t; and ct(w) be the amount that should be consumed during year t to attain ft(w). By workingbackward, show that for appropriately chosen constantsat and bt,ft(w) btwa and ct(w) atwInterpret these results.Suppose you expect to earn $10 this year and $10 next year. Each dollar you earn this year can be either spent, or saved at an interest rate of 10%. If you want to spend more than $10 this year, you can borrow money at 10% interest and repay it next year. Next year, you plan to pay oyour debts (if any), then spend all your earnings and all your savings (if any). Draw your budget line between “dollars spent this year" and “dollars spent next year". Suppose the government imposes a 50% income tax on all your earnings this year and next year (not including your interest earnings). Draw your new budget line. Suppose the government imposes a 50% sales tax on everything you buy this year and next year. Draw your new budget line. Suppose the government imposes a 50% income tax on all your earnings this year and next year, including your interest earnings. Draw your new budget line. True or False: If interest earnings are not subject to income tax, then an income tax and a sales tax…