Jumbled below are the steps to making a solution. Place the steps in the correct order (step 1 = 1, step 2 = 2, etc.). v The solvent particles form an attraction between the solute particles which causes the solute to break apart. v The free solute particles are stabilized by the attraction between solvent particles. v The random motion from the kinetic energy of the solvent particles causes collisions with solute particles.

Jumbled below are the steps to making a solution. Place the steps in the correct order (step 1 = 1, step 2 = 2, etc.). v The solvent particles form an attraction between the solute particles which causes the solute to break apart. v The free solute particles are stabilized by the attraction between solvent particles. v The random motion from the kinetic energy of the solvent particles causes collisions with solute particles.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

7th Edition

ISBN:9781285853918

Author:H. Stephen Stoker

Publisher:H. Stephen Stoker

Chapter8: Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8.7EP: Classify each of the following solutions as saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated based on the...

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Classify each of the following solutions as saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated based on the following observations. a. Agitation of the solution produces a large amount of solid crystals. b. H eating the solution causes excess undissolved solute present to dissolve. c. Excess undissolved solute is present at the bottom of the solution container. d. The amount of solute dissolved is less than the maximum amount that could dissolve under the conditions at which the solution exists.
The dispersed phase of a certain colloidal dispersion consists of spheres of diameter 1.0 102 nm. (a) What are the volume (V=43r2) and surface area (A = r2) of each sphere? (b) How many spheres are required to give a total volume of 1.0 cm3? What is the total surface area of these spheres in square meters?
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt ice on roads during the winter. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is sometimes used for this purpose too. Let us compare the effectiveness of equal masses of these two compounds in lowering the freezing point of water, by calculating the freezing point depression of solutions containing 200. g of each salt in 1.00 kg of water. (An advantage of CaCl2 is that it acts more quickly because it is hygroscopic, that is. it absorbs moisture from the air to give a solution and begin the process. A disadvantage is that this compound is more costly.)
Refer to Figure 13.10 ( Sec. 13-4b) to determine whether these situations would result in an unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated solution. 120. g RbCl is added to 100. g H2O at 50 °C. 30. g KCl is dissolved in 100. g H2O at 70 °C. 20. g NaCl is dissolved in 50. g H2O at 60 °C. Figure 13.10 Solubility of ionic compounds versus temperature.
Consider three test tubes. Tube A has pure water. Tube B has an aqueous 1.0 m solution of ethanol, C2H5OH. Tube C has an aqueous 1.0 m solution of NaCl. Which of the following statements are true? (Assume that for these solutions 1.0m=1.0M.) (a) The vapor pressure of the solvent over tube A is greater than the solvent pressure over tube B. (b) The freezing point of the solution in tube B is higher than the freezing point of the solution in tube A. (c) The freezing point of the solution in tube B is higher than the freezing point of the solution in tube C. (d) The boiling point of the solution in tube B is higher than the boiling point of the solution in tube C. (e) The osmotic pressure of the solution in tube B is greater than the osmotic pressure of the solution in tube C.
Calculate the molality of a solution made by dissolving 115.0 g ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, in 500. mL water. The density of water at this temperature is 0.978 g/mL. Calculate the molarity of the solution.
Which solute has the greatest effect on the boiling pointof 1.00 kg of water: 50.0 g of strontium chloride (SrCl2) or 150.0 g of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) ? Justify youranswer.
Refer to Figure 13.10 ( Sec. 13-4b) to answer these questions. (a) Does a saturated solution occur when 65.0 g LiCl is present in 100 g H2O at 40 C? Explain your answer. (b) Consider a solution that contains 95.0 g LiCl in 100 g H2O at 40 C. Is the solution unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated? Explain your answer. (c) Consider a solution that contains 50. g Li2SO4 in 200. g H2O at 50 C. Is this solution unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated? Explain your answer. Figure 13.10 Solubility of ionic compounds versus temperature.
Distinguish between dispersion methods and condensation methods for preparing colloidal systems.