l can earn $12 per hour if he or she works. Assume that a person can work at most 24 hours per day times 30 days per month for a total of 720 hours. Thus, the axis intercepts, in the absence of any program, are 720 × $12 = $8,640 in consumption and 720 hours of leisure. Scenario: Suppose that a new welfare program is introduced where the government guarantees $600 per month in income and reduces the benefit by $1 for each $1 of labor income. Below is the budget constraints that show the monthly income-leisure trade-off. Given his/her 30 hours of works, he/she is qualified for the welfare program. Calculate his welfare benefits (not total monthly income) after considering dollar-for-dollar re

l can earn $12 per hour if he or she works. Assume that a person can work at most 24 hours per day times 30 days per month for a total of 720 hours. Thus, the axis intercepts, in the absence of any program, are 720 × $12 = $8,640 in consumption and 720 hours of leisure. Scenario: Suppose that a new welfare program is introduced where the government guarantees $600 per month in income and reduces the benefit by $1 for each $1 of labor income. Below is the budget constraints that show the monthly income-leisure trade-off. Given his/her 30 hours of works, he/she is qualified for the welfare program. Calculate his welfare benefits (not total monthly income) after considering dollar-for-dollar re

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter16: Labor Markets

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16.2P

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Suppose a person can work up to 80 hours per week at a pre-tax wage of $20 per hour but faces a constant 20% payroll tax. Assume that under these conditions the person maximizes utility by choosing to work 50 hours each week. The government proposes a negative income tax so that everyone receives $300 per week regardless of how much they work. To pay for the negative income tax, the payroll tax would be increased to 50%. Using the labor-leisure model, graphically show whether a person would be better off if the negative income tax is adopted and indicate whether hours worked increases or decreases due to the policy.
Assume you can work as many hours you wish at £12 per hour (net of tax). If you do not work, you have no income. You have no ability to borrow or lend, so your consumption, c, is simply equal to your income. b) Assume that your optimal choice of consumption and leisure is to work 8 hours per day. Illustrate this choice diagrammatically using the feasible set and indifference curves.
Assuming that the substitution effect is large relative to the income effect, tax reform designed to increase saving a. increases the interest rate and decreases spending on capital goods. b. increases the interest rate and increases spending on capital goods. c. decreases the interest rate and increases spending on capital goods. d. decreases the interest rate and decreases spending on capital goods.
Suppose that the federal government's welfare program pays $5,000 for the first five months of earnings, and 50% reduction thereafter. If this worker earns 2,000 dollars per month, assuming 12 months per year, answer the questions. a. Construct the yearly income-leisure constraint both graphically and equations. b. Compute the break-even level of income and leisure (the level of income that makes the welfare = 0). c. Compute the level of income when the leisure is 8 months. What is amount of earning income and what is the amount of welfare benefit? d. Compute the level of income when the leisure is 6 months. What is amount of earning income and what is the amount of welfare benefit? e. Compute the level of income when the leisure is 1 month. What is amount of earning income and what is the amount of welfare benefit?
Figure 17-2 Figure 17-2 displays sample indifference curves and a budget constraint corresponding to no income redistribution program for Shannon. Suppose all workers have 2000 hours to spend in work or leisure. Figure 17-2 displays sample indifference curves and a budget constraint corresponding to no income redistribution program for Shannon. Question 41 1 / 1 pts Refer to Figure 17-2 With no income redistribution (welfare) program, how many hours does Shannon work per year? Correct! 1,200 1,200 (with margin: 100) Correct, Shannon is on the highest indifference curve when he takes 800 hours of leisure (1200 hours of work) Question 42 1 / 1 pts Refer to Figure 17-2 Suppose a welfare program with benefit guarantee of $10,000 is implemented with 100% benefit reduction rate. How much does Shannon work now? Enter a whole number and no text. Correct! 0 0 (with margin: 0)
Consider an income guarantee program with an income guarantee of $5,000 and a benefit reduction rate of 40%. A person can work up to 2,000 hours per year at $10 per hour. a. Draw the person’s budget constraint with the income guarantee. b. Suppose that the income guarantee rises to $7,500 but with a 60% reduction rate. Draw the new budget constraint c. Which of these two income guarantee programs is more likely to discourage work? Explain. Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.
A worker receives a wage rate w and has L hours of leisure every day (the total endowment of hours is 24 hours per day). The government gives a subsidy of rate S of his income. The worker spends all his income. 1. Write a budget constraint of this individual and plot it. 2. Display graphically what is the optimal consumption-leisure choice for this worker. 3. Imagine that instead, the government imposes income tax at rate T . What is the new budget constraint? Display on the same picture. In the new optimum is the consumption higher? Explain the answer in terms of wealth and substitution effects.
Consider the problem of a consumer who chooses between consuming goods and enjoying leisure in the current and future periods. Denote the consumption and leisure in the current period as C and l, and the consumption and leisure in the future period as C′ and l′, respectively. The preference is summarized by the following utility function: U(C,C′,l,l′)=lnC+ψlnl+β(lnC′ +ψlnl′). This individual is endowed with h units of time in each period. Wage rate per unit of labour time is w and w′ in the current and future period. In addition, the consumer receives profit transfer π and π′ and pays lump-sum taxes T and T′ in the current and future periods. Denote the saving in the current period as Sp. Answer the following questions. Derive the life-time budget constraint of this consumer. Set up the consumer’s problem. Solve for consumption (C and C′), leisure (l and l′), and saving (Sp). How does an increase in wage rate w affect C, Sp, and l?
The absolute value of the slope of the consumption-leisure budget line is the after-tax wage, w. Other workers earn w for up to 40 hours of work each week, and then w thereafter as at a second job which pays the same hourly wage as than their primary job. Assume a worker has 168 hours per week and chooses to work 40 hours at the primary job and does not work at a second job. Graph the worker’s budget line and leisure and income at the utility-maximizing level. Assume the primary employer offers the worker an opportunity to earn time-and-a-half working overtime. The overtime pay kicks in after the employee works 40 hours. Graph the old and new budget line and indicate both the number of hours worked and the income earned.
Answer the given question with a proper explanation and step-by-step solution. Suppose the US adopts a form of universal basic income program in which each household is guaranteed to have at least $3,000 in monthly income. For example, if a household’s average monthly income falls below $3,000 in a given quarter, then the difference is made up with federal direct payments. How would this program affect workers’ decisions to participate in the labor force? How would this program impact income equality in the US?
Anna and Bob are the only residents of a small town. The town currently funds its fire department solely from the individual contributions of these two residents. Each of the two residents has a utility function over private goods ? and total number of firemen ?, of the form: ?(?,?)=2ln?+ln?. The total provision of firemen hired, ?, is the sum of the number hired by each of the two persons: ?=??+??. Ann and Bob both have income of 200 each, and the price of both the private good and a fireman is 1. They are limited to providing between 0 and 200 firemen. For the purposes of this problem, you can treat the number of firemen as a continuous variable (it could be man-years). Consider the setup from Question 2. Suppose that the government recruits additional ?N firemen and taxes Ann and Bob equally to cover the cost. Therefore, the total number of firemen is ??+??+?MA+MB+N, where ??,??MA,MB are appropriate individually-optimal contributions of ?A and ?B(i.e., the agents behave optimally,…
Consider a couple (a husband and a wife) that jointly represents their collective preferences between combinations of household production time (X) and purchased goods and services (Y) according to the formula W = X2Y, where W represents the level of welfare. Suppose the maximum time available in a day is 16 hours and currently the wife devotes 6 hours to market work (H) at a wage of $16 per hour. a. What is the level of welfare associated with the wife’s current situation? b. How much additional purchasing power would the wife contribute if her market work hours increased to 8? c. How much of an increase in purchased goods and services would be necessary to compensate for the additional 2 hours of lost household production? d. Should this couple choose to have the wife increase her market work by 2 hours? e. If this couple is raising a child, suppose that combinations of household production and purchased goods are now ranked according to the formula U = X3Y. Would the additional 2…