Liquidity analysis. b) Solvency analysis. c) Any other financial analysis that you think can help in making your decision.
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- Kunda and Sitwala Company is considering manufacturing special drill bits and other equipment for mining rigs. The proposed project is currently regarded as complementary to its other lines of business, and the company has certain expertise by virtue of its having a large mechanical engineering staff. Because of the large outlays required to get into the business, management is concerned that Kunda and Sitwala earn a proper return. Since the new venture is believed to be sufficiently different from the company’s existing operations, management feels that a required rate of return other than the company’s present one should be employed. The financial manager’s staff has identified several companies (with capital structures similar to that of Kunda and Sitwala) engaged solely in the manufacture and sale of mining drilling equipment whose common stocks are publicly traded. Over the last five years, the median average beta of these companies has been 1.28. The staff believes that 18…Consider the following conversation between Gary Means, manager of a division that produces industrial machinery, and his controller, Donna Simpson, a certified management accountant and certified public accountant: Gary: Donna, we have a real problem. Our operating cash is too low, and we are in desperate need of a loan. As you know, our financial position is marginal, and we need to show as much income as possibleand our assets need bolstering as well. Donna: I understand the problem, but I dont see what can be done at this point. This is the last week of the fiscal year, and it looks like well report income just slightly above breakeven. Gary: I know all this. What we need is some creative accounting. I have an idea that might help us, and I wanted to see if you would go along with it. We have 200 partially finished machines in process, about 20% complete. That compares with the 1,000 units that we completed and sold during the year. When you computed the per-unit cost, you used 1,040 equivalent units, giving us a manufacturing cost of 1,500 per unit. That per-unit cost gives us cost of goods sold equal to 1.5 million and ending work in process worth 60,000. The presence of the work in process gives us a chance to improve our financial position. If we report the units in work in process as 80% complete, this will increase our equivalent units to 1,160. This, in turn, will decrease our unit cost to about 1,345 and cost of goods sold to 1.345 million. The value of our work in process will increase to 215,200. With those financial stats, the loan would be a cinch. Donna: Gary, I dont know. What youre suggesting is risky. It wouldnt take much auditing skill to catch this one. Gary: You dont have to worry about that. The auditors wont be here for at least 6 to 8 more weeks. By that time, we can have those partially completed units completed and sold. I can bury the labor cost by having some of our more loyal workers work overtime for some bonuses. The overtime will never be reported. And, as you know, bonuses come out of the corporate budget and are assigned to overheadnext years overhead. Donna, this will work. If we look good and get the loan to boot, corporate headquarters will treat us well. If we dont do this, we could lose our jobs. Required: 1. Should Donna agree to Garys proposal? Why or why not? To assist in deciding, review the corporate code of ethics standards described in Chapter 1. Do any apply? 2. Assume that Donna refuses to cooperate and that Gary accepts this decision and drops the matter. Does Donna have any obligation to report the divisional managers behavior to a superior? Explain. 3. Assume that Donna refuses to cooperate; however, Gary insists that the changes be made. Now what should she do? What would you do? 4. Suppose that Donna is 63 and that the prospects for employment elsewhere are bleak. Assume again that Gary insists that the changes be made. Donna also knows that his supervisor, the owner of the company, is his father-in-law. Under these circumstances, would your recommendations for Donna differ?Emily Henson, controller of an oil exploration division, has just been approached by Tim Wilson, the divisional manager. Tim told Emily that the project quarterly profits were unacceptable and that expenses need to be reduced. He suggested that a clean and easy way to reduce expenses is to assign the exploration and drilling costs of four dry holes to those of two successful holes. By doing so, the costs could be capitalized and not expensed, reducing the costs that need to be recognized for the quarter. He further argued that the treatment is reasonable because the exploration and drilling all occurred in the same field; thus, the unsuccessful efforts really were the costs of identifying the successful holes. “Besides,” he argued, “even if the treatment is wrong, it can be corrected in the annual financial statements. Next quarter’s revenues will be more and can absorb any reversal without causing any severe damage to that quarter’s profits. It’s this quarter’s profit that need some…
- EAC is an organization that has lately been facing serious problems with the results of its projects. specifically the company's project development record has been inconsistent : while some projects have been delivered on time, others have been late. budgets are routinely overrun, and product performance has been inconsistent, with the results of some projects yielding good returns and others losing money. they have hired a consultant to investigate some of the principal causes that are underlying these problems and the consultant has concluded that the primary problem is not project implementation , But the initial screening, selection and prioritization of proposed projects. specially there is little attention paid to the need to consider strategic fit and portfolio management in selecting new projects business goal weight increase in market share 50% corporate citizenship 30% a decrease in production costs 10% improved customer satisfaction 10% total 100%…Imagine you are the manager of operations for a manufacturing company. Your vice president wants to expand production by building a new facility, and she would like you to develop a business case for the project. Assume that your company’s weighted average cost of capital is 13%, the after-tax cost of debt is 7%, preferred stock is 10.5%, and common equity is 15%. As you work on the business case, you surmise that this is a fairly risky project because of a recent slowing in product sales. In fact, when using the 13% weighted average cost of capital, you discover that the project is estimated to return about 10%, which is quite a bit less than the company’s weighted average cost of capital. Your vice president suggests that the project could be financed from a mix of retained earnings (50%) and bonds (50%). She reasons that retained earnings do not cost the company anything because it is cash you already have and the after-tax cost of debt is only 7%. That would lower your weighted…Imagine you are the manager of operations for a manufacturing company. Your vice president wants to expand production by building a new facility, and she would like you to develop a business case for the project. Assume that your company’s weighted average cost of capital is 13%, the after-tax cost of debt is 7%, preferred stock is 10.5%, and common equity is 15%. As you work on the business case, you surmise that this is a fairly risky project because of a recent slowing in product sales. In fact, when using the 13% weighted average cost of capital, you discover that the project is estimated to return about 10%, which is quite a bit less than the company’s weighted average cost of capital. Your vice president suggests that the project could be financed from a mix of retained earnings (50%) and bonds (50%). She reasons that retained earnings do not cost the company anything because it is cash you already have and the after-tax cost of debt is only 7%. That would lower your weighted…
- (Accounting for Research and Development Costs) Czeslaw Corporation’s research and development department has an idea for a project it believes will culminate in a new product that would be very profitable for the company.Because the project will be very expensive, the department requests approval from the company’s controller, Jeff Reid.Reid recognizes that corporate profits have been down lately and is hesitant to approve a project that will incur significant expenses that cannot be capitalized due to the requirements of the authoritative literature. He knows that if they hire an outside firm that does the work and obtains a patent for the process, Czeslaw Corporation can purchase the patent from the outside firm and record the expenditure as an asset. Reid knows that the company’s own R&D department is first-rate, and he is confident they can do the work well.InstructionsAnswer the following questions.(a) Who are the stakeholders in this situation?(b) What are the ethical issues…Foalsa Ltd have been conducting investment appraisal on two potential new projects the company is looking at undertaking. The management accountant is new to the business and has followed a template calculation for the NPV and IRR that was set up by the previous management accountant for a past project. Having completed the calculations, the management accountant discovered the cost of capital figure the business uses has changed since the template was constructed and is in fact 2% higher. What will be the effect of correcting this error on the NPV and IRR figures? Impact on NPV Impact on IRR A Increase NPV IRR unchanged B Decrease NPV IRR unchanged C NPV unchanged Decrease IRR D Decrease NPV Increase IRRIf you were the CFO of a company that had to decide on hundreds of potential projects every year, would you want to use sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis as described in the chapter, or would the amount of arithmetic required take too much time and thus not be cost-effective? What involvement would non-financial people such as those in marketing, accounting, and production have in the analysis?
- During the last few years, Harry Davis Industries has been too constrained by the high cost of capital to makemany capital investments. Recently, though, capital costs have been declining, and the company has decidedto look seriously at a major expansion program proposed by the marketing department. Assume that you arean assistant to Leigh Jones, the financial vice president. Your first task is to estimate Harry Davis’s cost ofcapital. Jones has provided you with the following data, which she believes may be relevant to your task:(1) The firm’s tax rate is 40%.(2) The current price of Harry Davis’s 12% coupon, semi-annual payment, noncallable bonds with 15 yearsremaining to maturity is $1,225.72. Harry Davis does not use short-term interest-bearing debt on a permanentbasis. New bonds would be privately placed with no flotation cost.(3) The current price of the firm’s 10%, $100 par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $117.Harry Davis would incur flotation costs equal…You are a manager at Percolated Fiber, which is considering expanding its operations in synthetic fiber manufacturing. Your boss comes into your office, drops a consultant's report on your desk, and complains, "We owe these consultants $ 1.1 million for this report, and I am not sure their analysis makes sense. Before we spend the $ 29 million on new equipment needed for this project, look it over and give me your opinion." You open the report and find the following estimates (in millions of dollars): Project Year Earnings Forecast ($ million) 1 2 . . . 9 10 Sales revenue 28.00028.000 28.00028.000 28.00028.000 28.00028.000 minus−Cost of goods sold 16.80016.800 16.80016.800 16.80016.800 16.80016.800 equals=Gross profit 11.20011.200 11.20011.200 11.20011.200 11.20011.200 minus−Selling, general, and administrative expenses 2.3202.320 2.3202.320 2.3202.320 2.3202.320…JJ King Ltd is a building contractor with a varying workload. In order to compensate for the irregularity of its contracted building projects, JJ King also purchases large vacant blocks of land that it later subdivides for the construction of houses and units. JJ King then sells these on its own account. Your analysis strongly suggests that the apportionment of costs to houses and units sold has been kept low to boost profits. In your opinion, this has resulted in the overvaluation of the unsold properties. The directors of the company do not agree and hold to their view that the stock of properties is correctly valued