Q: Which bacteria produce B-lactamase enzyme which is resistant to penicillin and why?
A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…
Q: List two features limiting the adaptation of nonvascularplants.
A: Non vascular plants are those plants which do not have vascular system, they lack of xylem and…
Q: What would you surmise if you examined a Kirby-Bauer assay and found individual colonies of the…
A: Antimicrobial is the efficacy to kill the microbes. Drugs that have antimicrobial properties are…
Q: List examples of lysogenic conversion
A: Bacteria are single-celled living beings. The cell structure is simpler than that of various living…
Q: What is an electrogenic pump?
A: Sodium potassium ATPase is an integral membrane protein found in the cells of all higher eukaryotes.…
Q: Does TGF-β treatment cause cells to grow more or less in the soft-agar assay? (a) More, (b) Less
A: Anchorage-independent growth, which is a hallmark of carcinogenesis, is the capacity of transformed…
Q: Explain how an enzyme can be useful in treating a bacterialinfection, such as that which occurs with…
A: Enzymes are also known as bio-catalysts because it acts as a catalyst in living beings. Hence, an…
Q: DEFINE susceptible, intermediate, AND resistant
A: Antibiotics are the drugs that induce killer effects or inhibitory response on harmful pathogenic…
Q: Define antispasmodics
A: As we know A drug is any chemical substance or material that alters the physiology or psychology of…
Q: Explain the steps to transform a plasmid carrying a gene of interest into a competent host cell…
A: The deliberate modification of an organism's genetic information by directly changing its nucleic…
Q: What alternatives are there to antibiotics to address bacteria that have resistance?
A: Answer: ANTIBIOTICS: These are the medications which are useful in killing or inhibiting the growth…
Q: Discuss what is required for bacterial transformation and its outcomes.
A: Bacterial transformation is a process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up…
Q: Define about the mechanisms of BER in E. coli ?
A: BER or Base Excision Repair is a cellular repair mechanism that is used for the repair of damaged…
Q: What would you conclude if you examined a Kirby –Bauer assay and found individual colonies of the…
A: The Kirby - Bauer method is an universally accepted USFDA approved method commonly used in…
Q: describe a semi-synthetic antibiotic
A: Semi-Synthetic Antibiotics are defined as the derivatives of the natural derivatives with different…
Q: Discuss the concept of microwave fixation and cryofixation, and why it is suitable for…
A: Microwave fixation and cryofixation are the bilogical techniques which are used for stabilising th⁶e…
Q: What is the biological benefit(s) to the organism to have detachment induced cell death?
A: Anoikis is the programmed cell death that occurs in cells that detach from the surrounding…
Q: Why is the DNS method used in glucose assay?
A: 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) measure has been broadly utilized for the estimation of diminishing…
Q: what is e-coli. How is it treated?
A: In Microbiology, various microbes influences the life of a living individual.The microorganisms…
Q: TGF-beta treatment cause cells to grow more or less in the soft-agar assay
A: TGF beta The transforming growth factor-beta is a cytokine a protein which is produced by all types…
Q: Explain how the capsule can protect the bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system.
A: A huge structure found in many bacteria is the bacterial capsule. It's a polysaccharide layer that…
Q: Intense fever, shock, and other symptoms occur in some gram-positive bacterial infections due to:…
A: Gram-positive bacteria are characterized by their thick walls of peptidoglycan. They stain red or…
Q: Why is it important to use sterile practices when working with microorganisms?
A: Microscopic organisms such as bacteria, fungi (mold and yeast), protists, archaea, algae,…
Q: Discuss some advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophage therapyin treating bacterial infections.
A: Bacteriophage is defined as the type of virus that infects bacteria. It is also called as bacterial…
Q: What is the effect on OCR and ECAR of adding DNP to the cell culture? Explain these results
A: Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) are measured at regular…
Q: Define the following terms: a. genetic control b. proenzyme c. zymogen d. positive cooperativity e.…
A: Since there are multiple questions, we are answering the first three for you. If you require the…
Q: Which of these methods will allow visualization of protein localization in a cell? a. Flow Cytometry…
A: Protein localization is the technique which allows the visualization of a protein inside the cell.…
Q: Will the results of an in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test always agree with the results of an in…
A: Invitro means the situation in which the experiments are conducted under the laboratory conditions.…
Q: What mechanisms account for restriction and modification?
A: Restriction-modification system is present in prokaryotic organisms like bacteria. Prokaryotic cells…
Q: Determine the genotype for the bacteria strains shown below, and then classify them as nutritional…
A: Mutations that result in a change in the biochemical pathways and therefore biochemistry of a cell…
Q: Outline the strategies commonly used to detect for pBR322 in E.coli
A: Plasmids are DNA molecules that exist outside of the chromosomes. They are microscopic, round, and…
Q: What are inducible enzymes ?
A: The inducible enzyme is also known as an adaptive enzyme. Opposite of inducible enzymes are…
Q: What causes bacterial transformation?
A: Bacterial transformation is a process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up…
Q: Consider E, coli cells(i) with no vector,(ii) transformed with PBR322, or (iii) transformed with a…
A: pBR322 is a plasmid vector. It is double standard DNA molecule. It contains- Origin of replication…
Q: What is an IgAase and why would a bacterial pathogenproduce one?
A: The bacteria that have the potential to cause diseases are called pathogenic bacteria.
Q: With some level of toxic shock syndrome caused by the superantigen produced by Staphylococcus…
A: Staphylococcus aureus - It is round shaped, gram positive bacteria, member of Firmicutes, generally…
Q: What is the mechanism that makes Bacteria resistant to Beta-lactams
A: The majority of bacteria are composed structurally of a cell membrane that is encased in a cell…
Q: true or false Primary cells are isolated directly from tissues and have not been modified ex vivo…
A: Cell culture is the process of growing cells in-vitro or outside the body using suitable media and…
Q: Define the concept of restriction-enzyme digestion ?
A: Enzymes are biocatalysts. These speed up biochemical reactions and are proteinaceous in nature.…
Q: Results from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as…
A: Intrinsic resistance can be described as "it is a natural resistance property, which is derived…
Q: What is micropropagation?
A: Tissue culture technique involves growing cells or tissues in an artificial medium, which is…
Q: How are methods of precipitating proteins, such as heat and treatment with alcohol, also successful…
A: Yes they are successful in killing harmful microorganisms.. Precipitation is explain as protein is…
Q: How does non-compliance with antibiotic treatment regimens lead to the generation of drug resistant…
A: Antibiotics are drugs used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics have been used for a long time…
Q: Describe the endocytic pathway in general terms
A: Endocytosis remains one of the most attractive issues in biology and biomedical sciences due to its…
Q: What would happen to a bacteria that lost a plasmid for antibiotic resistance? Would it still be…
A: The term Antibiotic resistance refers to the phenomenon where the bacteria develops a resistance…
Q: Discuss RNA-Seq and its application in the study ofbacterial responses to heat shock.
A: RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing): This is a technique that can examine the quantity and sequences of RNA in…
Q: Define the term cytopathic effect and provide one example.
A: Cytocidal virus infection is often linked with alterations in physiology, cell shape, and sequential…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- What is the biological benefit(s) to the organism to have detachment induced cell death? Please explain as much as possible (at least 5 sentences)If a culture of E. coli you are tracking grows from 5 x 103 cells/ml to 9 x 107 cells per ml in 4 hours, what is the approximate generation time of your E. coli? how can i slove this step by step a. About 14 minutesb. About 17 minutesc. About 20 minutesd. About 23 minutese. About 30 minutesAre there specific E. coli strains used to make competent cells? Explain the characteristics of these strains
- Which of these methods will allow visualization of protein localization in a cell? a. Flow Cytometry b. Immunocytochemistry c. Western Blot d. ELISApls make it comprehensivePart A What kind of inhibition is imposed on HIV protease by ritonavir? O irreversible inhibition O reversible inhibition O uncompetitive inhibition. Submit Request Answer
- How does the microscopy in Figure 2 show that the capsule and an S-layer can exist in the same cell at the same time? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/A PhD student leaving for vacation has asked an undergraduate student to perform daily media changes forhis iPSCs while he is gone. The culture is happening in 12-well plates where a volume of 2 mL is optimal. OnSaturday, when changing the media, the undergraduate decides to add 4 ml of media to the dishes (insteadof 2 ml) because he wants to skip lab and watch the Super Bowl on Sunday. He decides to add twice thevolume of media (4 mL) to tide the cells over till Monday. However, when the graduate student returns onMonday, he finds that some of his cells have died. Your job is to determine whether the cells died due to alack of oxygen. For the calculations that follow, diffusion and reaction occurs only in one direction. Also,assume that reaction only occurs at the cell-media interface. Use Michaelis-Menten type kinetics for oxygenuptake. You may use the following information:Ps = 150 mmHg (ambient oxygen tension)K = 1.19 nmol / mL / mmHg (solubility of oxygen in medium)D = 2…A PhD student leaving for vacation has asked an undergraduate student to perform daily media changes forhis iPSCs while he is gone. The culture is happening in 12-well plates where a volume of 2 mL is optimal. OnSaturday, when changing the media, the undergraduate decides to add 4 ml of media to the dishes (insteadof 2 ml) because he wants to skip lab and watch the Super Bowl on Sunday. He decides to add twice thevolume of media (4 mL) to tide the cells over till Monday. However, when the graduate student returns onMonday, he finds that some of his cells have died. Your job is to determine whether the cells died due to alack of oxygen. For the calculations that follow, diffusion and reaction occurs only in one direction. Also,assume that reaction only occurs at the cell-media interface. Use Michaelis-Menten type kinetics for oxygenuptake. You may use the following information:Ps = 150 mmHg (ambient oxygen tension)K = 1.19 nmol / mL / mmHg (solubility of oxygen in medium)D = 2…
- A PhD student leaving for vacation has asked an undergraduate student to perform daily media changes forhis iPSCs while he is gone. The culture is happening in 12-well plates where a volume of 2 mL is optimal. OnSaturday, when changing the media, the undergraduate decides to add 4 ml of media to the dishes (insteadof 2 ml) because he wants to skip lab and watch the Super Bowl on Sunday. He decides to add twice thevolume of media (4 mL) to tide the cells over till Monday. However, when the graduate student returns onMonday, he finds that some of his cells have died. Your job is to determine whether the cells died due to alack of oxygen. For the calculations that follow, diffusion and reaction occurs only in one direction. Also,assume that reaction only occurs at the cell-media interface. Use Michaelis-Menten type kinetics for oxygenuptake. You may use the following information:Ps = 150 mmHg (ambient oxygen tension)K = 1.19 nmol / mL / mmHg (solubility of oxygen in medium)D = 2…Using a schematic diagram, summarize the following steps in preparing competent cells for transformation: Inoculate a single colony of E. coli into 5 ml LB broth and incubate overnight at 37°C with moderate shaking (250 rpm). Add 200 μl of the culture into 50 ml LB broth and incubate overnight at 37°C with moderate shaking (250 rpm) to an OD600 = 1.3 to 1.5. Aliquot culture into five 15-ml pre-chilled, conical tubes. Leave tube on ice 5 to 10 min. Centrifuge cells 7 min at 1,600 × g (3,000 rpm), 4°C. Pour off supernatant and resuspend each pellet in 10 ml ice-cold CaCl2 solution (50 mM CaCl2), perform resuspension very gently, and keep on ice. Centrifuge cells 5 min at 1,100 × g (2,500 rpm), 4°C. Discard supernatant and resuspend each pellet in 10 ml ice-cold CaCl2 solution. Keep resuspended on ice for 30 min. Centrifuge cells 5 min at 1,100 × g, 4°C. Discard supernatant and resuspend each pellet in 10 ml ice-cold CaCl2 solution. Dispense cells (250 μl) into pre-chilled, sterile…H. Why is it essential to balance your 400 mL of cell culture before centrifuging?