Lizbeth Rich is interested in studying the frequency of gardens maintained by octopuses.  To do so, she surveys 312 randomly selected octopuses to see if they maintain a garden.  Of the 312 octopuses, 23 maintained gardens.  Her research has been published in the Almanac of Questionable Statistics, Vol 11 (2032).  What is the population of her study? 1. The 23 octopuses who maintained a garden 2. All octopuses 3. Readers of the Almanac of Questionable Statistics 4. The 312 octopuses surveyed

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.