LRAS Intaton BRAS SRAS AD AD Output Starting from long-run equilibrium at point C, an adverse inflation shock that increases inflation from n to n' will lead to a short-run equilibrium at point, equilibrium at point, and eventually to a long-run ,if left to self-correcting tendencies.
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- Refer to the accompanying figure. LRAS Inflation a A 0, y' Output O O An economy is currently in long-run equilibrium at point B, at an inflation rate of m, which is too high to sustain economic growth. If an anti-inflationary policy is enacted, the economy will be in short-run equilibrium at point creating gap. O SRAS O SRAS AD' AD A; an expansionary A; a recessionary D; a recessionary D; an expansionaryThe economy begins in longcrun equilibrium. Thenone day, the president appoints a new chair of theFederal Reserve. 11\is new chainnan is well known forher view that inflation is not a major problcn1 for aneconomy.a. How would this news affect the price level thatpeople would expect to prevail?b. How would this change in the expected pricelevel affect the nonlinal wage that workers andfmn.s agree to in their new labor contracts?c. How would this change in the nonlinal wageaffect the profitability of producing goods andservia,s at any given price level?d. How docs this change in profitability affect theshort-run aggregate-supply curve?e. ff aggregate demand is held constant, how docsthis sllift in the aggregate-supply curve affect theprice level and the quantity of output produced?f. Do you think this Fed chainnan was a goodappointment?ASAP
- Under a credible system offixed nominal exchangerates...A.The Central Bank can adjustthe interest rate as it deemsappropriate for smoothingdomestic outputfluctuationsB.Domestic inflation will beapproximately equal to theinflation rate of the countryto which the domesticcurrency is peggedC.Public debt can bemonetised, i.e. viagovernment bonds boughtby the Central Bank againstnewly created moneyD.All of these optionsE.None of these optionsConsider a closed economy described by a Keyneslan model with nominal wage rigidity. The economy la originaty ns general eoulbrum. Lers consider an unanticipated monetary expansion. in the long run equilibrium atier contracts are re-negatiated, what happen to wages compared to the original general equibrium Oa The nominal wage does not change, the reat wage rises Cro Ob The nominal wage does not change the real wage fals Oe The nominal wage rises the real wage doen not change. Od The nominal wage rises the real wage risesConsider the AD/AS model below with a constant rate of inflation. No exogenous AD or AS shocks are occurring. Price Level P3 2 Po 0 FIGURE 29-1 Y" E3 E2 E1 Eo Real GDP AS3 AS2 AS1 ASO AD3 AD2 AD1 ADO Select one: O a an annual shift upward of the AS curve by 3%. b. an annual increase in the inflation rate of 3%. Oc. an annual shift upward of the AD curve by 3%. d. an annual increase in the equilibrium price level of 3%. Oe. Not applicable. The diagram shows the price level, not the inflation Refer to Figure 29-1. A constant rate of inflation of 3% is portrayed in an AD/AS diagram like this one as
- Suppose two countries have identical aggregate demandcurves and potential levels of output, and g is the samein both countries. Assume that in 2019, both countriesare hit with the same negative supply shock. Given thetable of values below for inflation in each country, whatcan you say, if anything, about the credibility of eachcountry’s central bank? Explain your answer.Country A Country B2018 3.0% 3.0%2019 3.8% 5.5%2020 3.5% 5.0%2021 3.2% 4.3%2022 3.0% 3.8%Assume, while an economy is in long-run equilibrium, an adverse supply shock occured, suchas energy prices have incrased. The central bank decides to accommodate this shock and restores theequilibrium quickly. What would be the effect of this policy action on inflation? Explain and illustratewith the help of an AD-AS diagram.1) According to the Phillips Curve, as unemployment falls what happens to inflation? Why? 2) According to the Phillips Curve, as unemployment rises what happents to inflaiton? Why? 3) According to the Aggregate Supply/ Aggrgeate Demand model, if AD increases what happebs to Price Level GDP and Unemployment 4) Accroding to the AS/AD model, if AD decreases what happens to PL, GDP and unemployment? 5) According to the AS/AD model if AS decreases what happens to PL GDP and unemployment? 6) Based on your answer to #5 how would you show the decrease in AS on the Philips Curve?
- As monetary policymakers become more concernedwith inflation stabilization, the slope of the aggregatedemand curve becomes flatter. How does the resulting change in the slope of the aggregate demand curvehelp stabilize inflation when the economy is hit with atemporary negative supply shock? How does this affectoutput? Use a graph of aggregate demand and supply todemonstrate.Now suppose that droughts in the Southeast and floods in the Midwest substan-tially reduce food production in the United States. Suppose you are an economistworking for the Federal Reserve.d. Use the aggregate demand–aggregate supply model to illustrate graphically the im-pact in the short run and the long run of this adverse supply shock. Be sure to label:i. the axes; ii. the curves; iii. the initial equilibrium values; iv. the direction the curvesshift; v. the short-run equilibrium values; and vi. the long-run equilibrium values.State in words what happens to prices and output in the short run and the long run.e. Use the aggregate demand–aggregate supply model to illustrate graphically your pol-icy recommendation to accommodate this adverse supply shock, assuming that yourtop priority is maintaining full employment in the economy.f. Would you recommend the same policy if your top priority was maintaining the pricestability? Why?It is sometimes suggested that the Fed should try toachieve zero inflation. If we assume that velocity isconstant, does this zero-inflation goal require that therate of money growth equal zero? If yes, explain why.If no, explain what the rate of money growth shouldequal
