MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling molecules released by an embryonic cell can induce changesin a neighboring cell without entering the cell. (SeeFigures 11.15 and 11.16.)

Q: 1. How important is cell adhesion for the development of mammalian embryo? 2. What is the role of…

A: The fusion of male and female gametes results in the formation of a single-cell zygote. The zygote…

Q: regulation of gene expression.

A: Operon is operating units which can be defined as the cluster of genes located together on the…

Q: 3. Describe the overall process of signal transduction. How does this process help organisms…

A: * Signal transduction is process in which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similarto the process of allosteric regulation of…

A: Ligands are the molecules that bind to a receptor and change the confirmation of the receptor. It…

Q: . MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the characteristics of thelysosome in Concept 6.4. Given the internal…

A: Lysosome is a cellular organelle found in animal cells. It is a membranous sac that contains…

Q: . MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activategenes involved in apoptosis. Review Concept 11.5,…

A: Cells are exposed to exogenous and endogenous compounds which cause DNA damage. It results in…

Q: explain how signalling molecules generate gradients of other signalling molecules that mediate the…

A: Gradient generated during embryonic development by signaling molecules.

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS Inactivation of one of the Xchromosomes in female mammals involves lncRNA…

A: Male mammals inherit only one X chromosome, whereas female mammals inherit 2 X chromosomes from…

Q: How would signaling between two cells e affected by the following mutation: occludes (NA) (obtains…

A: Cell signaling: Cell signaling is a process of communication between two cells using chemical…

Q: Q) During M-phase of cell cycle, active M-Cdk phosphorylates several target proteins in order to…

A: In biology, the growth and development of an organism are maintained by the process of cell…

Q: EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutionarymechanisms that might account for the origin…

A: The cell-to-cell signaling in prokaryotes worked for their self-defense, locations, adaptations, and…

Q: Cells undergo cell modification based on what the body needs. Like in the case of humans, sperms…

A: FORMS FITS FUNCTION Form fits function shows the relationship between a specific structure and it's…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONSPDGF signals cells by binding toa cell-surface receptor tyrosinekinase. If you added…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell surface receptors that are dimers. they have a…

Q: Q11 Explain how can all living cells coordinate and control their activities by a complex…

A: Living cells communicate with each other in response to changes in their microenvironment. The…

Q: Concept test: Please discuss thoroughly. One of the key components in vertebrate limb development…

A: Zone of Polarising Activity (ZPA): The zone of polarising activity (ZPA) is a mesenchymal region…

Q: Why have cellular biochemical signalling pathways evolved?

A: Cellular biochemical signaling is the process by which a signal activates the receptor which is…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS The gene that is activated onthe Philadelphia chromosome codes for an…

A: When there is an exchange of a large portion of chromosome 22 with any of the short portion of…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS Why is a cell-surface receptor protein notrequired for this steroid hormone to…

A: A ligand molecule binds with the receptor in order to initiate a signaling pathway. Intracellular…

Q: Review Concept 12.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Stop and Go Signals. In the absence of a go-ahead signal…

A: The cell cycle involves two distinct phases: 1. Interphase or I-phase. 2. Mitotic phase or M phase.…

Q: Cell communication a) There are six main principles for transmitting a chemical signal between…

A: To determine Any two principle of transmitting signal to cell. How cell signal reach nucleus What…

Q: Cell signaling- Describe the difference between quick vs. slow responses in cell signaling. Make…

A: Cells communicate with each other via released proteins unique to each kind. Signal transduction…

Q: Explain Cell signaling during Drosophila eye development?

A: In spite of the fact that Hedgehog (Hh) signalling is fundamental for morphogenesis of the…

Q: How is it that Wnt signaling is capable of mediating such diverse processes ascell division, cell…

A: Wnt signalling is a critical route in immune cell maintenance and renewal. It controls hematopoiesis…

Q: WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties oflife emerge at the biological level of the cell.…

A: Apoptosis is also called as the programmed death of the cell which is controlled genetically. The…

Q: Review how the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and SRP receptor guide proteins containing an ER…

A: The signal recognition particle (SRP) is an abundant, cytosolic, uniformly preserved…

Q: Evidence that cell signaling evolved early in the history of life comes from (EConcept 11.1) SHOW…

A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…

Q: Cell signaling in plant and animal cells is similar in some ways and different in others. Offer one…

A: Cell-to-cell signaling is another term for it. Its functions include managing basic cell activities…

Q: Liver cells proliferate excessively both in patients with chronic alcoholism and in patients with…

A: Alcohol is an apoptotic compound which means either cell can be killed because of necrosis or by…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain why the set of forces driving ionmovement across the plasma membrane of a…

A: The spontaneous movement of molecules from the area of its high concentration to the area of its low…

Q: . MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules thatactivate the vertebrate TLR signal transduction…

A: Ligands are molecules present in extra-cellular matrix that are used in transferring signals.…

Q: Cell communication .a) There are six main principles for transmitting a chemical signal between…

A: Cell communication is the process in which extrinsic signals are sensed and responded to. These…

Q: Think about the types of cellular processes that occur within the nucleus of a cell and the types of…

A: The nuclear chamber is defined by the nuclear envelope, which encloses the DNA. Nuclear pore…

Q: What is Anchorage Dependence? Describe the different Cell Junctions in Animal cells. What is the…

A: Hey, since there are multiple questions posted, we will answer first question. If you want any…

Q: WHAT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should not,what types of protein defects might be the cause?…

A: The cells, which undergo any type of infection, are damaged. The cells that are at the end of their…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS Evaluate whether the originof cell-to-cell attachment proteins in animals…

A: Descent with modification means the characteristics are passed from generation to generation. It…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how receptor tyrosinekinases and intracellular receptors might functionin…

A: Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. It…

Q: WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding proteins,explain how they might behave differently…

A: Scaffold proteins are modular proteins that assemble multimolecular complexes or macromolecular…

Q: WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell madedefective receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases are the cell-surface receptors that are involved in cell signaling and for…

Q: WHAT IF? In Figure 18.17b, the lower cell is synthesizingsignaling molecules, whereas the upper cell…

A: Cytoplasmic determinants are crucial during the embryo development.

Q: Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary history for cell signaling molecules.

A: Cell signalling is defined as a cell's ability to recognise information from the extracellular…

Q: Q How can quorum sensing be considered a regulatorymechanism for conserving cell resources?

A: Quorum sensing (QS) is the bacterial communication system that uses ‘inducers’ as the signalling…

Q: Q4. Explain why oral contraceptives, which artificially raise levels of estrogens and progesterone,…

A: We are answering question number 4 only. For other questions pls repost.   The healthy and effective…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 6.7, you learned thatanimal cells make an extracellular matrix (ECM).…

A: Most of the animal cell secretes substances into their extracellular space, forming a mesh-work of…

Q: ing joining 2-Which of the following is considered as long distance signalling A. Secretion of a…

A: Note: As Per Guidelines, We Can Answer One Question At A Time. Ask Again To get rest answers.…

Q: What if? If apoptosis occurred when it should not, what types of protein defects might be the

A: Apoptosis : It means programmed cell death.  It is characterized by a series of typical…

Q: How Receptor Tyrosine Kinases activated different types of downstream proteins?

A: One of the main forms of cell-surface receptors is receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Soluble…

Q: Cell Communications Explain the role of the trans-membrane and the intracellular protein receptors…

A: Cell signaling is a process of communication using chemical signals that originated in the cell to…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS How do stem cells from thebone marrow of an adult differ from embryonic stemcells…

A: Introduction: Stem cells form the basis of the development of every organ and tissue of our body.…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS What other functions do actinand tubulin carry out? Name the proteins they…

A: Given: Need to name the proteins they interact with to do MAKE CONNECTIONS

Oogenesis

The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase. 

Cell Division

Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons: