explain how signalling molecules generate gradients of other signalling molecules that mediate the function of the organiser amd determine the fate of cells during vertebrate embryonic developmemt how do the four signalling molecules that are secreted by the organiser generate gradients of other signalling molecules that mediate the function of the organiser

explain how signalling molecules generate gradients of other signalling molecules that mediate the function of the organiser amd determine the fate of cells during vertebrate embryonic developmemt how do the four signalling molecules that are secreted by the organiser generate gradients of other signalling molecules that mediate the function of the organiser

Anatomy & Physiology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Chapter17: The Endocrine System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ILQ: Visit this link (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/hormonebind) to watch an animation of the events that...

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Much of what we know about cellsignaling comes from biochemicalstudies of isolated proteins in testtubes. What is the precise quantitativebehavior of intracellular signalingnetworks in an intact cell, or in anintact animal, where countless othersignals and cell components mightinfluence signaling specificity andstrength?
Suppose that the circulating concentration of hor-mone is 10–10 M and the Kd for binding to its receptor is 10–8M. What fraction of the receptors will have hormone bound?If a meaningful physiological response occurs when 50% ofthe receptors have bound a hormone molecule, how muchwill the concentration of hormone have to rise to elicit aresponse? The fraction of receptors (R) bound to hormone(H) to form a receptor–hormone complex (R–H) is [R–H]/([R] + [R–H]) = [R–H]/[R]TOT = [H]/([H] + Kd).
what experiemnts show Shh is the signaling molecule from the ZPA?
Which of the following occurs by active transport A)transport of Na+ from region of higher concentration through a region of lower concentration through a channel B) simple didfussion of a steroid hormone through the plasma memebrane C) Faciltated diffusion of Cl- down it's concentration gradient D) Transport of K+ across the plasma memebrane using cellular ATP
When the researchers instead used tissue from intestinal musclesrather than brains, they found no naloxone binding. What doesthat suggest about opiate receptors in mammalian muscle?
Explain in detail the funcations and signalling and activation of ephrin receptor EPHB2. Give step by step explanation
If neither Viagra or ginseng works to fix the cat's problem, PKG would be considered “broken” in this signalling pathway, Why?
How do intracellular signalingcircuits generate specific and dynamicsignaling patterns such as oscillationsand waves, and how are thesepatterns sensed and interpreted bythe cell?
Visit this link (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/hormonebind) to watch an animation of the events thatoccur when a hormone binds to a cell membrane receptor.What is the secondary messenger made by adenylyl cyclaseduring the activation of liver cells by epinephrine?
A hormone differs from a neurotransmitter in thata. hormones act extracellularly, whereas neurotransmitters act withinthe cell that synthesized them.b. hormones are released only by neurons, whereas neurotransmittersare released by many different types of cells.c. hormones cause only fast responses (seconds or less) to stimuli,whereas neurotransmitters cause slow responses (minutes to hours)to stimuli.d. hormones affect only epithelial cells, whereas neurotransmittersaffect only muscle cells.e. hormones are released into the bloodstream and can activate manycells in many parts of the body, whereas neurotransmitters arereleased by neurons and affect adjacent cells.
Given the importance of these ions in numerousaspects of animal biology, is it surprising that there is more than onehormone that regulates Na+ and K+ balance?
Hormone receptor molecules are the key to understanding specific-ity of hormone action on target cells. Describe and distinguish be-tween receptors located on the cell surface and those located in the nucleus of target cells. Name two hormones whose action is medi-ated through each type of receptor.