Answered: WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a…

WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell madedefective receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that wereunable to dimerize?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11TYK: Discuss Concepts Describe the possible ways in which a G-proteincoupled receptor pathway could...

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Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.

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WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made
defective receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that were
unable to dimerize?

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More than 500 genes have been identified in the human genome that code for protein kinases. What does such identification imply regarding the role of protein kinases in cellular functions? Explain your answer.
6. Define a receptor tyrosine kinase and distinguish it from a serine/threonine kinase. (As we discuss ANY kinase in signalling pathways, pay close attention to what type of kinase it is...does it phosphorylate serene/threonine resides or tyrosine residues?)
2. Describe the three domains of a receptor tyrosine kinase. Explain the structure of the transmembrane domain and the amino acid composition and arrangement of this part of the receptor
WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding proteins,explain how they might behave differently in response tothe same signaling molecule.
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MAKE CONNECTIONSPDGF signals cells by binding toa cell-surface receptor tyrosinekinase. If you added a chemicalthat blocked phosphorylation,how would the results differ?(See Figure 11.8.)
. WHAT IF? Suppose a cell’s membrane potential shiftsfrom -70 mV to -50 mV. What changes in the cell’spermeability to K+or Na+could cause such a shift?
1. List one example of AMPLIFICATION OF SIGNAL during the cell’s response to Hedgehog. Makesure to write out full steps and not just the name of a protein. Do not choose the example from2h or 2i if you chose amplification of signal as your answer to those questions.
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Discuss Concepts Describe the possible ways in which a G-proteincoupled receptor pathway could become defective and not trigger any cellular responses.