Management accountants are frequently asked to analyze various decision situations including the following. a. Alternative uses of plant space to be considered in a make/buy decision. b. Joint production costs incurred, to be considered in a sell-at-split versus a process-further decision. c. Research and development costs incurred in prior months, to be considered in a product- introduction decision. d. The cost of a special device that is necessary if a special order is accepted. e. The cost of obsolete inventory acquired several years ago, to be considered in a keep-versus- disposal decision. The costs described in situations B, C, and E above are

Management accountants are frequently asked to analyze various decision situations including the following. a. Alternative uses of plant space to be considered in a make/buy decision. b. Joint production costs incurred, to be considered in a sell-at-split versus a process-further decision. c. Research and development costs incurred in prior months, to be considered in a product- introduction decision. d. The cost of a special device that is necessary if a special order is accepted. e. The cost of obsolete inventory acquired several years ago, to be considered in a keep-versus- disposal decision. The costs described in situations B, C, and E above are

Managerial Accounting

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337912020

Author:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. Tayler

Publisher:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. Tayler

Chapter11: Differential Analysis And Product Pricing

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CMA

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Classify the following cost drivers as structural, executional, or operational. a. Number of plants b. Number of moves c. Degree of employee involvement d. Capacity utilization e. Number of product lines f. Number of distribution channels g. Engineering hours h. Direct labor hours i. Scope j. Product configuration k. Quality management approach l. Number of receiving orders m. Number of defective units n. Employee experience o. Types of process technologies p. Number of purchase orders q. Type and efficiency of layout r. Scale s. Number of functional departments t. Number of planning meetings
The following series of statements or phrases are associated with product life-cycle viewpoints. Identify whether each one is associated with the marketing, production, or customer viewpoint. Where possible, identify the particular characteristic being described. If the statement or phrase fits more than one viewpoint, label it as interactive. Explain the interaction. a. Sales are increasing at an increasing rate. b. The cost of maintaining the product after it is purchased. c. The product is losing market acceptance and sales are beginning to decrease. d. A design is chosen to minimize post-purchase costs. e. Ninety percent or more of the costs are committed during the development stage. f. The length of time that the product serves the needs of a customer. g. All the costs associated with a product for its entire life cycle. h. The time in which a product generates revenue for a company. i. Profits tend to reach peak levels during this stage. j. Customers have the lowest price sensitivity during this stage. k. Describes the general sales pattern of a product as it passes through distinct life-cycle stages. l. The concern is with product performance and price. m. Actions taken so that life-cycle profits are maximized. n. Emphasizes internal activities that are needed to develop, produce, market, and service products.
In a make-or-buy decision, a. the company must choose between expanding or dropping a product line. b. the company must choose between accepting or rejecting a special order. c. the company would consider the purchase price of the externally provided good to be relevant. d. the company would consider all fixed overhead to be irrelevant. e. None of these.
Discuss how, as warehouse manager for Vinnies Vinyls, you view the different rate of allocated costs the warehouse is being charged compared to the West store. Describe the implications of this. What steps could you take to solve this discrepancy? What alternatives would you consider, assuming management is willing to consider making changes in the rate?
Because of high production-changeover time and costs, a director of manufacturing must convince management that a proposed manufacturing method reduces costs before the new method can be implemented. The current production method operates with a mean cost of $220 per hour. A research study will measure the cost of the new method over a sample production period. Develop the null and alternative hypotheses most appropriate for this study. Comment on the conclusion when H0 cannot be rejected. Comment on the conclusion when H0 can be rejected.
The actions listed next are associated with either an activity-based operational control system or a traditional operational control system: a. Budgeted costs for the maintenance department are compared with the actual costs of the maintenance department. b. The maintenance department manager receives a bonus for beating budget. c. The costs of resources are traced to activities and then to products. d. The purchasing department is set up as a responsibility center. e. Activities are identified and listed. f. Activities are categorized as adding or not adding value to the organization. g. A standard for a products material usage cost is set and compared against the products actual materials usage cost. h. The cost of performing an activity is tracked over time. i. The distance between moves is identified as the cause of materials handling cost. j. A purchasing agent is rewarded for buying parts below the standard price set by the company. k. The cost of the materials handling activity is reduced dramatically by redesigning the plant layout. l. An investigation is undertaken to find out why the actual labor cost for the production of 1,000 units is greater than the labor standard allowed. m. The percentage of defective units is calculated and tracked over time. n. Engineering has been given the charge to find a way to reduce setup time by 75 percent. o. The manager of the receiving department lays off two receiving clerks so that the fourth-quarter budget can be met. Required: Classify the preceding actions as belonging to either an activity-based operational control system or a traditional control system. Explain why you classified each action as you did.
Randy Harris, controller, has been given the charge to implement an advanced cost management system. As part of this process, he needs to identify activity drivers for the activities of the firm. During the past four months, Randy has spent considerable effort identifying activities, their associated costs, and possible drivers for the activities costs. Initially, Randy made his selections based on his own judgment using his experience and input from employees who perform the activities. Later, he used regression analysis to confirm his judgment. Randy prefers to use one driver per activity, provided that an R2 of at least 80 percent can be produced. Otherwise, multiple drivers will be used, based on evidence provided by multiple regression analysis. For example, the activity of inspecting finished goods produced an R2 of less than 80 percent for any single activity driver. Randy believes, however, that a satisfactory cost formula can be developed using two activity drivers: the number of batches and the number of inspection hours. Data collected for a 14-month period are as follows: Required: 1. Calculate the cost formula for inspection costs using the two drivers, inspection hours and number of batches. Are both activity drivers useful? What does the R2 indicate about the formula? 2. Using the formula developed in Requirement 1, calculate the inspection cost when 300 inspection hours are used and 30 batches are produced. Prepare a 90 percent confidence interval for this prediction.
Why does a company use a standard costing system? A. to identify variances from actual cost that assist them in maintaining profits B. to identify nonperformers in the workplace C. to identify what vendors are unreliable D. to identify defective materials
Consider the following list of scorecard measures: a. Product profitability b. Ratings from customer surveys c. Number of patents pending d. Strategic job coverage ratio e. Revenue per employee f. Quality costs g. Percentage of market h. Employee turnover percentages i. First-pass yields j. On-time delivery percentage k. Percentage of revenues from new sources l. Economic value added Required: Classify each measure according to the following: perspective, financial or nonfinancial, subjective or objective, and external or internal. When the perspective is process, identify which type of process: innovation, operations, or post-sales service.
As manager of department B in MarIeys Manufacturing, based on the costs you identified in the previous exercise for further research, how does this impact the financial performance of your department, and what might be some questions you want to ask or solutions you might propose to Marleys management?
A Box Scorecard was prepared for a value stream: Required: 1. How many nonfinancial measures are used to evaluate performance? Why are nonfinancial measures used? 2. Classify the operational measures as time-based, quality-based, or efficiency-based. Discuss the significance of each category for lean manufacturing. 3. What is the role of the Planned Future State column? 4. Discuss the capacity category and explain the meaning of each measure and its significance. 5. Discuss the relationship between the financial measures and the measures in the operational and capacity categories.
The management of Wheeler Company has decided to develop cost formulas for its major overhead activities. Wheeler uses a highly automated manufacturing process, and power costs are a significant manufacturing cost. Cost analysts have decided that power costs are mixed; thus, they must be broken into their fixed and variable elements so that the cost behavior of the power usage activity can be properly described. Machine hours have been selected as the activity driver for power costs. The following data for the past eight quarters have been collected: Required: 1. Prepare a scattergraph by plotting power costs against machine hours. Does the scatter-graph show a linear relationship between machine hours and power cost? 2. Using the high and low points, compute a power cost formula. 3. Use the method of least squares to compute a power cost formula. Evaluate the coefficient of determination. 4. Rerun the regression and drop the point (20,000; 26,000) as an outlier. Compare the results from this regression to those for the regression in Requirement 3. Which is better?