Many cells in the human body maintain an electric potential difference across their cellular membranes, typically through the use ion-specific pumps and channels that generate an excess of negative charges on the inside of the cellular membrane and an excess of positive charges on the outside. Let us estimate the total energy stored in the human body by this type of charge separation.
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- The relationship between ATP and ADP can be compared to the state of a battery. Which of the following statements best compares ATP,ADP and a battery?The energetic equivalent of two molecules of ATP is used to activate an amino acid, yet only one molecule of ATP is used. Explain.An organism's chemical energy can be converted to kinetic energy.This is shown during?
- Choose all of the processes from below which describe changes which are independent of the path by which the change occurs. the elevation increase experienced by a traveller travelling from Grand Isle, LA to Denver, Coloradothe kinetic energy aquired by a bullet as it reaches a specific speedthe heat generated by a car engine as it burns a gallon of gasolinethe heat evolved when a cube of sugar is oxidized to CO2(g) and H2O(g)the work generated by a homogeneous gaseous chemical reaction carried out inside of a bomb calorimeterthe odometer mileage increase observed by a traveller travelling from Louisiana to Canadathe latitude increase experienced by a traveller travelling from Baton Rouge, LA to Anchorage, AlaskaDespite the thermal stability of covalent bonds in physiological systems, some of these bonds are sensitive to energy input from external sources. The molecule can absorb heat from the environment without changing its chemical structure, as will occur when there is a local temperature increase. If the increase in energy is above kT (i.e., the entire environment has not increased its temperature), the molecule will come to thermal equilibrium with the environment around it, and return to its original energy state. Which one of the following physiological process is example to this? Select one : a. Absorbance of light by 11-cis-retinal. b. Translucent to opaque conversion of egg whites after cooking. C. Absorbance of light by melanın. d. a & b e. a & c f.b&c g. a, b & cThe average human generates approximately his or her weight in ATP every day. A resting person uses about 25% of this in ion transport—mostly via the Na+-K+ ATPase. About how many grams of Na+ and K+ will a sedentary 70-kg person pump across membranes in a day?
- A certain reaction with an activation energy of 195 kJ/mol was run at 555 K and again at 575 K . What is the ratio of f at the higher temperature to f at the lower temperature.When the chemical dinitrophenol (DNP) is added to mitochondria, the inner membrane becomes permeable to protons. When the drug valinomycin is added to mitochondria, the inner membrane becomes permeable to potassium ions (K+). A. How will the electrochemical proton gradient change in response to DNP? B. How will it change in response to valinomycin?ATP hydrolysis is highly _____ because it involves _____. Endergonic; removal of a phosphate group forming phosphoric acid, which decreases the pH Endergonic; breaking of covalent bonds Exergonic; separation of negatively charged phosphate groups Exergonic; alteration of the transition state
- The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of which of the following processes?The abbreviation ATP stands for______ . The molecule is synthesized by cells from_______and_______ . This synthesis requires an input of______, which is temporarily stored in ATP.explain how ATP functions like a rechargeable battery, include the transfer of kinetic energy to potential energy in your explanation. also include where the energy that “charges” ETP comes from.