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Q: Insulin binding to its cellular receptor causes dimerization and phosphorylation of ( )…
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![Match the molecule involved in insulin signaling with what it does
insulin receptor
[Choose ]
[Choose]
physically pushes glucose out of the cell
physically brings glucose into the cell
binds to insulin and sends signal to cell
a protein hormone that signals cells to import glucose
signals cells to export glucose
a carbohydrate taken into cells as an energy source
glucose
insulin
glucose transporter
[ Choose ]
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- The binding of insulin to its receptor on the surface of atarget cell activates the receptor’s tyrosine kinase activity,which in turn causes several phosphorylation cascades thatalter the activity of numerous enzymes and alters the expression of genes. Describe how one of these phosphorylationcascades stimulates glycogen synthesis.In order to help Mike understand, explain how the rate of insulin release differs after consumption of simple andcomplex carbohydrates. You may choose to answer with words or a labeled diagram Now use your table to explain to Mike why elevated insulin levels are associated with heart disease.Insulin binding to its cellular receptor causes dimerization and phosphorylation of ( ) and assembly of a ( ) membrane transporter.
- Insulin signals activate all of the following enzymes except: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) Protein kinase B (PKB; or Akt) All of the above enzymes are activated by insulin signals Citrate move in and out of mitochondria via a specific transport protein. What would happen if aninhibitor completely inhibited this transport system? Fatty acid biosynthesis would slow down Ketone body synthesis would slow down Both A and B Neither A nor Bhelp fill in the blanks Glucose is exported from liver cells when [hexokinase IV/glucose 6-phosphatase] and [glycogen synthase/glycogen phosphorylase] are active during [glucagon/insulin] signaling. It is exported through [GLUT1/GLUT2/GLUT4] into the bloodstream.In muscle cells, when adrenaline binds to beta-adrenergic receptor, it trigger signaling cascade leading to active glycogen phosphorylate breaks up glycogen into glucose subunits (Glycogen -> G1P). Base on following figure, describe this signaling cascade:
- Protein Phosphatase 1: What overall effect does PP1 have on the storage or breakdown of glycogen? (1 point) How does PPI regulate the activity of its targets? (1 point) Which enzymes are its targets? (2 points) What activates it [hormone (pathway activator) and enzyme (immediate activator)]? (2 points) Hormone: Enzyme:The epinephrine-mediated “amplificationcascade” of Figure 24.14 has six steps, all of which are catalyticwith one exception. This cascade leads to the activation of glycogenphosphorylase. This enzyme acts in turn on glycogen to yieldglucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P).(a) Which step is not catalytic?(b) If each catalytic step had a turnover (molecules of substrateacted on per molecule of enzyme) of 10, how many moleculesof G-1-P would result from one molecule of epinephrine?(c) What is the biochemical advantage of such a cascade?(d) How is the amplification cascade of this questionreversed?Brieflyexplainthesignalingpathwaybywhichthelivercovertsthestoredcarbohydrateto glucose and transports it to blood at low blood glucose level. In your answer, the signal pathway, source of glucose, key enzymes and proteins should be described.
- Define the following terms:a. MTTPb. abetalipoproteinemiac. endogenous lipoprotein pathwayd. PEPCK-Ce. triacylglycerol cycleWhich adipokine promotes inflammation and causes insulin resistance? A. Leptin B. Adiponectin C. Resistin D. Retinol E. ChemerinIn some forms of diabetes, a mutation in the b subunit of the insulin receptor abolishes the enzymatic activity of that subunit. How does the mutation affect the cell’s response to insulin? Can additional insulin (e.g., from injections) overcome the defect?