Mice deficient in the enzyme MMP7, that cleaves prepro-a-defensin to the active a-defensin, show an increased susceptibility to the enteric pathogen, Salmonella typhimurium. The cell type in the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium most likely to express the highest levels of MMP7 is.. O M cells O Paneth cells O Intraepithelial lymphocytes O Goblet cells
Q: Choose correct answers Most carabid larvae are fungivores. Scarabaeidae larvae have relatively short…
A: 1. False 3. True 4. False. These larave does not have legs.
Q: 14. The thin stalk of the stamen Anther 1- Style Stigma Filament 2- 3- 4-
A: Pollination refers to the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of male flowers to the stigma of…
Q: One of the common antihypertensive agents is a class of medicines called calcium- channel blockers.…
A: Answer :- Option (C) is correct. - They reduce heart rate. - They block entry of calcium into heart…
Q: Which statement is TRUE about vitamin E? a. It boosts immunity by stimulating the production of…
A: Vitamin E is fat soluble, hydrophobic in nature. Chemical name of of vitamin E is tocopherol. It…
Q: What types of tools, approaches, methodologies, and technologies are used in system biology?
A: Systems biology is the study of how biological things, such as molecules, cells, organs, and…
Q: A transgenic mouse was produced which lacks a protein that is required to assemble tight junctions…
A: Cell junctions These are the connections present between the two cells or the cell and plasma…
Q: 17-1 Identify the cytoskeletal structures (black lines) depicted in the epithelial cells shown in…
A: Cytoskeleton is an intracellular network of protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic…
Q: What is most likely to occur in a cell when the levels of free GTP-bound tubulin subunits are very…
A: Tubulin subunits are made up of G-Protein. Microtubules are made up of linear protofilaments made…
Q: A human female "carrier" who is heterozygous for the recessive, sex-linked trait causing red-green…
A: as per our company guidelines we are supposed to answer only first 3 sub-parts. Kindly repost other…
Q: One important example of multiple alleles is the human ABO blood type. Explain what “multiple…
A: The alleles at the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…
Q: What is the main purpose of the circulatory system? move blood throughout the body move lymphatic…
A: The heart, blood vessels, and blood are all part of the blood circulatory system, which ensures that…
Q: Jill has a son named Jack. She claims that James is the father. James denies this. Jill has Type A…
A: A blood group is a classification of blood-based on the appearance and absence of surface antigens…
Q: You have discovered a new species aquatic protist that is a primary producer. It cannot swim on its…
A: Protists come under the domain eukaryotes along with animal, plant and fungi. They are mostly single…
Q: Which of the following is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. Meiosis occurs…
A: INTRODUCTION Mitosis Here cell divides into two daughter cells which are genetically identical to…
Q: Male-pattern baldness is an example of a sex-influenced trait. The baldness allele, which causes…
A: Option b NN x BN
Q: What specific proteins make up the cellular cytoskeleton? What protein would you use to look at…
A: Cytoskeleton is a dynamic and 3 dimensional structure, that helps the cells to maintain thier shape…
Q: SERCA pump
A:
Q: pregnant women as the parasite can cross the placenta to the fetus
A:
Q: Misconception: Natural selection involves organisms trying to adapt. Correction:
A: Natural selection is a natural process in which organisms that are more adapted to their environment…
Q: Gonozoids continue the reproductive cycle by budding medusae. About how many maturing medusae are…
A: These are a few in number and restricted to the basal end of the hydrocaulus. The reproductive…
Q: What are the factors effecting Earth Overshoot day? Briefly explain each factors.
A:
Q: Explain the different types of phyllotaxy. Give one example of each type.
A: It is referred to as phyllotaxy when the pattern or arrangement of leaves on a stem or branch can be…
Q: "The cell volume shrinks, cells lose cell-cell contact, the actin cytoskeleton is fragmented, the…
A: A cell is the most fundamental structural unit and the foundation of life. It is made of of genetic…
Q: Given the following DNA sequences for cytochrome c, answer the question below. In one paragraph,…
A: Very closely related species have more amino acid sequence similarities in the same protein. The…
Q: QUESTION 13 You have isolated a nonsense mutation caused by a base substitution. This mutation is a…
A: Nonsense mutation: These mutations change a codon in a gene to one of the three termination codons…
Q: Which of the following happens within the sarcomere during muscle contraction? The myosin…
A: Answer :- Option (A) is correct. - The myosin filaments "walk" along the actin filaments…
Q: What do you mean by “modification of roots"? Describe some of the modifications of tap roots giving…
A: The root of a plant is a portion of the plant that grows beneath the surface of the ground. It helps…
Q: In which phase would you find the highest resource to bacterial cell ratio? Pick one…
A: Bacterial growth curve The bacterial growth curve defines the progress(growth) of bacterial colonies…
Q: Name one biotic factor that negatively affects humans.
A: A biotic factor is an organism or other living thing that affects the population of another…
Q: “carrier
A: X-linked inheritance means that the gene causing the trait or the disorder is located on the X…
Q: 3. In sesame plants, the one-pod condition (P) is dominant to the three-pod condition (p), and…
A: Answer (a) One pod Normal : One Pod Wrinkled :: 3:1 Hence parents must be PPLl X PPLl Answer (b)…
Q: T7 promotor in yeast, your protein is a large complex protein. Which would be the ideal vector to…
A: * Given that T7 promotor in yeast has a p large complex protein. * An expression vector also…
Q: In contrast to the circulatory system the lymphatic system is an open network that moves the blood…
A: The lymphatic system is essentially a drainage system which is accessory to the venous system. It is…
Q: 1. Name one earth sphere with an abiotic component. 1. 2. Give one abiotic component in #1. 3. What…
A: As per bartleby answering policy only one question and three subquestions can be answered. So,…
Q: 17. Observe the patterns in plant diversity shown in the graph. How might Plant Diversification Over…
A: * Plants and trees survived the mass extinction is largest in the Earth’s history. * As we seen in…
Q: he lac repressor and the pur repressor are homologous proteins with very similar three-dimensional…
A: Purine repressor (PurR) is a DNA-binding protein that is involved in the transcription process. Its…
Q: For sickle cell anemia: a) Description of the phenotype b) Description of the genetics of…
A: Sickle cell anemia is one of a group of disorders known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia…
Q: Ecology - if transmission rate is 0.7 and recovery rate is 0.3 what is the herd immunity threshold?…
A: Only by mass vaccination can we achieve herd immunity, in which a large enough number of individuals…
Q: QUESTION 5 Which of the following is NOT true of intermediate filaments? A They provide…
A: A cell is the basic unit of life. All living creatures are made up of cells, ranging from…
Q: AIDS appears most frequently among homosexuals and intravenous drug users. This is an example of…
A: There are broadly two kinds of infection routes in AIDS:- Horizontal Vertical Horizontal…
Q: Give 5 advantages and disadvantages of transgenic organism.
A: Advantage of Transgenic organisms: 1. Production of Transgenic organisms increase crop yielding. 2.…
Q: How does heart rate affect blood pressure? it affects blood pressure in a proportional manner such…
A: Answer :- Option (B) is correct. - It affects blood pressure such that an increase in diameter will…
Q: Why is assembly of microtubules so much more efficient inside cells than in a test tube? The…
A: Cytoskeleton is an intercellular network of protein filaments present in the cytoplasm. They are…
Q: Rabbits with the brown coat color allele (B) are dominant over rabbits with the white coat color…
A: Given that, the brown coat color allele (B) is dominant over white coat color allele (b) of rabbit.…
Q: Genetics/Chi Square Question: Should I accept or reject the null hypothesis. Why?
A: "Inheritance" is the process through which a child gets genetic information from his or her parents.…
Q: How is it that some organisms can survive in such harsh environments? Provide two specific examples.
A: Microbiology is the science of virus, bacterium, algae, fungus, slime moulds, and protozoa, which…
Q: What occurs during metaphase phase of mitosis? A. Microtubules can be lengthened by adding…
A: * Mitosis of the cell cycle in which chromosomes are separated into two cells with genetically…
Q: Explain how bacteria in the rumen of cows mediate fermentation. List the inputs and outputs, as well…
A: There are a group of micro organisms present in the ruminant gut. Examples include Ruminococcus,…
Q: Cell were equally distributed into two culture dishes containing bovine serum. One culture dish was…
A: Ans- B) The cells with the blocking antibody would not be able to attach to the plate and would not…
Q: The measurement of LDH in the serum can be used to diagnose whether tissue damage has occurred.…
A: We use this strategic because NAD+ or NADH both are different. NAD+ is oxidised and NADH is reduced…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- A mouse is infected with staphylococcal bacteria through a laceration in the skin of its paw. Dendritic cells are isolated from the tissue at the site of infection, and are incubated together with naïve staphylococcal-specific CD4 T cells. Seventy-two hours later, the proliferation of the CD4 T cells is measured as a readout for T cell activation. Surprisingly, the T cell response is quite poor compared to the response observed when the same T cells are mixed with a comparable number of dendritic cells isolated from the draining lymph node of the infected mouse. A comparison of the dendritic cells isolated from the two different sites would reveal: Much higher levels of MHC and B7 molecules on the lymph node dendritic cells than those from the infected tissue Much higher expression of all TLRs in the lymph node dendritic cells than those from the infected tissue An increased number of MHC class II molecules bearing bacterial peptides on the surface of dendritic cells from the infected…An infant appears healthy until about 9 months of age, when he develops severe bacterial infections, one after another. Fortunately, theinfections are treated successfully with antibiotics. When infectedwith the measles and other viral diseases, the infant recovers withoutunusual difficulty. Explain the different immune responses to theseinfections. Why did it take so long for this disorder to become apparent? (Hint: Consider IgG.)Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) that inhibits the formation of blood clots andis taken regularly by individuals with a heart condition.Steroids such as cortisol are used to control someautoimmune diseases and severe arthritis by downregulatingthe inflammatory response. After reading therole of inflammation in the body’s response to infection,can you predict an undesirable consequence of taking antiinflammatorydrugs on a regular basis?
- Internal tooth resorption is the loss ofdentin and other tooth tissues from theinside, often triggered by trauma to thetooth but sometimes without any knowncause. In some cases, the immune system isthought to trigger osteoclasts to beginattacking the tooth. How would thiscondition be characterized?O A. This is an allergic reaction.O B. This is an autoimmune condition.O C. This is an opportunistic disease.O D. This is a communicable diseaseA T lymphocyte activated in the GALT will subsequently home to all of the following except _____. (Select all that apply.) a. mucosal lymphoid tissues of lactating mammary glands b. the spleen c. mucosal lymphoid tissues of the respiratory tract d. systemic lymph nodes e. mucosal lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract f. lymphoid tissues of the skin.Each of the following statements concerning the macrophages is true, EXCEPT:* D Sometimes referred to Langerhans cells in the skin Contain numerous primary and secondary lysosomes Have variable shape, because they move in connective tissues O D Manufacture antibodies. O O Phagocytosis of bacteria
- Helper T cells can be activated by macrophages(which engulf everything indiscriminately) or by B cells (which only engulf antigens that stick to their receptors). A. What properties so macrophages and B cells have ibn common that allows them both to activate T cells? B. It has been suggested that macrophages probably do most to fhte T cell activating in the primary response but B cells do most of it in the secondary response. Why does this make sense?Atherosclerosis is a disease of the vascular endothelium. The principal players in the atherogenic processare lipid materials and even cells of the immune system.a. What lipids from the diet participate in the atherogenic process and how did each of themcontribute to the “lipid theory” of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis?b. What immune system cells participate and how do they mediate in the atherogenic processAn important distinction between macrophages that populate the lamina propria of the gut and the macrophages that populate the skin is that the former _____. a. cannot phagocytose and kill bacterial pathogens b. do not present antigens to T cells c. do not possess signaling receptors needed for production of inflammatory cytokines d. express much higher levels of TLRs e. are very rare in the gut mucosa.
- B cellsa. are processed in the thymus.b. originate in red bone marrow.c. once released into the blood remain in the blood.d. are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.e. All of these are correct.“Good” bacteria help prevent C. difficile infection by occupying the sites on the intestinal wall where C. difficile could attach and multiply. C. difficile produces toxins that activate macrophages and mast cells, cause leukocyte chemotaxis and the production of chemical mediators, which leads to fluid secretion. What type of response(s) is (are) characterized by these processes? Would this be inflammation? Or would it be a cell-mediated response, specific immune response? Or humoral response with T cells perhaps? I'm having a lot of trouble identifying the biological immune mechanism.Mobilization of neutrophils to fight infection in tissue is mediated by all except which a. TNF-a production by macrophages b. upregulation of selectins on blood vessel endothelium c. interferon response d. generation of a CXCL8 gradient e. extravasation across endothelium f. proteolysis of basement membrane of blood vessels.