Mutations are the original source of genetic variation. How can mutations accumulate in DNA, given that cells have repair systems that fix mis-paired nucleotides or breaks in DNA strands?

Q: What is a mutation in DNA repair and recombination?

A: Introduction: DNA damage can happen in various different ways. Some of the damage if left…

Q: Explain the connection between defects in DNA repair systemsand the inherited human disease…

A: Genetic disorder It is also called as inherited disorder and is caused due to, Chromosomal…

Q: When UV light strikes DNA at a location where two thymines are side by side, what happens?

A: UV stands for ultraviolet rays. It causes a mutation in the DNA.

Q: Prior to the action of DNA ligase, how many hydrogen bonds are holding these two DNA fragments…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid can be defined as the molecule that is composed of two polynucleotide chains…

Q: Why DNA repair systems is important ?

A: DNA is the genetic material that carries information from parents to offsprings. DNA in a cell can…

Q: Which of the following can only arise as a spontaneous mutation? Group of answer choices Gamma rays…

A: A mutation is a change in the sequence of the DNA. It affects the codons of the DNA or mRNA, which…

Q: Do most cells contain complete copies of an organism’s DNA? Do most cells express all of the genes…

A: Genome is composed of all the genes present in an organism present in the nucleus. A genome can be…

Q: In denatured DNA, DNA double helix is disrupted, which causes the exposure of the bases and thus…

A: The correct option is the C option: In denatured DNA, DNA double helix is disrupted, which causes…

Q: Cells have only one fundamental wayof replicating DNA but many differentways of repairing it. Are…

A: DNA is the genetic material present in the cells of living beings.

Q: What is the difference between the mutation rate and the mutation frequency?

A: The basic source of genetic diversity is mutation. Gene mutations involve alteration in the…

Q: Are mutations harmful?a. Yes, because the DNA is damaged.b. No, because changes in the DNA result in…

A: Mutations in biology is defined as a change in DNA sequence from normal sequence. Mutations can be…

Q: Describe natural processes that can produce mutations by damaging DNA?

A: DNA damage refers to any damage in the chemical structure of the DNA molecule whereas the mutation…

Q: Show diagrammatically stracture of DNA???

A: DNA is a double helical structure composed of nucleotides. The two helices are joined together by…

Q: After Alfred Hersey and Martha Chase definitively identified DNA as the “Transformative material”,…

A: Alfred Hersey and Martha chase has proved that DNA is the transfer material, which carries all the…

Q: What is DNA polymerase?   A. An enzyme that corrects mutations that arise during the replication of…

A:

Q: Which type of mutation produces the same protein despite a change in the DNA? A. nonsense B.…

A: The mutation is defined as an alteration or change in the nucleotide sequence of the organism's…

Q: DNA repair processes use the old DNA strand as the template to repair mismatched bases on the newly…

A: The basis of evolution is mutation. Mutation is also the basis of natural selection. Considerable…

Q: During cellular checkpoints DNA Repair Proteins can edit and patch our DNA through many different…

A: Cell cycle is broadly categorized into 2 phases such as interphase and M phase. Interphase consists…

Q: How is genetic transformation used in medicine?

A: Genetic transformation is a genetic alteration process that involves incorporation and expression of…

Q: A plant breeder wants to isolate mutants in tomatoes that are defective in DNA repair. However, this…

A: The DNA-repair mechanism in plants help in removing errors that may have occurred during DNA…

Q: What is DNA polymerase? a.An enzyme that carries out DNA replication b.Short, single strand of…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double-stranded molecule, which consists of two strands of…

Q: Is it biologically advantageous that DNA is stable?

A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double helical twisted ladder-like structure that stores and…

Q: Deletion in genomic DNA removes which parts of two genes?

A: The process of spontaneously occurring deletion must include two chromosomes that break to cut out…

Q: Does a single base-pair substitution in a strand of DNA always result in a new amino acid in the…

A: Transcription is processed to convert DNA into RNA. It is part of the central dogma. It is processed…

Q: What affect one or just a few base pairs in the DNA and thus alter only one gene at a time?

A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a macromolecule that functions as the genetic material. It contains…

Q: Two DNA strands consisting of 100 bases and 1000 bases are denatured by heat. Which strand will you…

A: Denaturation of DNA is the process where the two strands unwound and the hydrogen bonds between the…

Q: Does the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication cause variation? If so, explain how?

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary unit of an organism. DNA is formed of the…

Q: How are trisomies and monosomies related to deletions and duplications respectively? What is the…

A: Trisomy is the condition in which a diploid organism will have one duplicate copy of one of its…

Q: Give atleast one example of each--  . Defective Nonhomologous End Joining Repair . Defective…

A: DNA repair defect is a disorder in which there is reduced function of DNA repair mechanism.

Q: Explain Rearrangements of Chromosomal DNA?

A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides connected together via…

Q: Can DNA be cut into fragments by restriction enzymes and then separate into unique patterns?

A: The biotechnology is considered as the domain that involves usage of technology in the problems of…

Q: In the DNA of what kind of cell must a mutation occur for the genetic change to be passed down to…

A: Mutation is any kind of change in the gene sequence of the DNA which may ultimately affect the…

Q: List two specific causes of DNA mutations.  - environmental agents like ultraviolet light or…

A: A mutation is a change in the sequence of DNA which can result from DNA copying mistakes made during…

Q: Which of the following is a transition mutation? OC--> G OC --> T OC --> A

A: Transition is a point mutation where replacement of base pair occurs.

Q: Describe the denaturation of DNA including the factors that can affect it and the kind of forces…

A: Denaturation is the process of loss of the native structure by applying some external denaturing…

Q: What will be the results of chemically modifying one nucleotide baseof a gene? What role is played…

A: A permanent change in the DNA’s base sequence is termed as mutation. Any alteration in DNA may cause…

Q: What are the two types of DNA or gene mutations

A: A mutation is a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that can occur during replication…

Q: What is the enzyme responsible for methylating DNA? How does a drug like doxorubicin affect DNA…

A: DNA is the nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy ribose nucleic acid in which…

Q: Why does DNA get shorter after replication? How this phenomenon is related to our age?

A: DNA replication is the process by which identical DNA helices are produced from a parent DNA during…

Q: How does brain cancer effect DNA Replication? How does brain cancer affect gene mapping? how…

A: A brain tumour is an abnormal cell growth or mass in the brain. Tumor cells in the brain can…

Q: If you eat DNA all the time, why aren’t you harmed by it? What implication does this have on the…

A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material found in all cells. It carries the coded…

Q: DNA Methylation What does DNA methylation mean (with figures/narratives) How does DNA methylation…

A: In eukaryotes, DNA methylation occurs predominantly at CpG dinucleotides sequence. In CpG, the…

Q: Why are defects in DNA repair often associated with increases in cancer?

A: Any damage in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has to be repaired because this damage causes several…

Q: How do we know that certain chemicals and wavelengths of radiation induce mutations in DNA?

A: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA of a cell such that the sequence deviates from what is…

Q: DNA to Protein 1. Describe the mutation that created the Hbs allele: type of mutation, location of…

A: sickle cell anaemia is an autosomal linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from parents to…

Q: How natural processes can change the information stored in DNA?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of a cell. The structure of DNA comprises…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.