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- Assume a market consists of two upstream firms, and they are sole suppliers of their respective products. Each of these monopolists sell at a linear price to one downstream duopolist each. What would be the effect of vertical integration (so that each upstream monopolist owns its retail outlet) on the final good price?What price will colluding oligopolist set? a. Monopoly price. b. Limit price. c. Marginal cost-based price. d. Price at the kink of the demand function. e. None of the above.Suppose two brothers own identical skydiving companies but have decided to experiment with different pricing structures. The older brother’s company, Air Adventures, charges everyone the same price, while the younger brother’s company, Sky Warriors, sets its prices using a twotiered, price-discrimination model. Assuming that both companies face the same market demand curves, marginal costs, and costs of production, and wield significant market power for their service area, which of the following is most likely to occur? a. Air Adventures will generate a similar net revenue to Sky Warriors. b. Sky Warriors will generate a higher net revenue than Air Adventures. c. Sky Warriors will generate a lower net revenue than Air Adventures. d. Air Adventures will generate a higher net revenue than Sky Warriors. e. Sky Warriors will eventually switch to the Air Adventures model.
- A key difference between monopoly and perfect competition is options: the demand curve faced by a perfectly competitive firm is different than the industry demand curve, but the demand curve faced by the monopolist is the same as the industry demand curve. Perfectly competitive firms have considerably more market power compared to monopolists. Price equals marginal revenue for a monopolist, but not for a perfectly competitive firm. the demand curve faced by a monopolist is different than the industry demand curve, but the demand curve faced by a perfectly competitive firm is the same as the industry demand curve.If a duopolist has a linear demand curve of the form Q=400 – P. Assuming each firm has total cost (TC=3000+100Q). Calculate the profit-maximizing price-quantity combinations using the following four oligopoly pricing models listed below demonstrating that: a. Under the Quasi-competitive model, the firm will make a loss equivalent to fixed cost. b. Under the Stackelberg’s model the leader will earn more than twice the profit of the follower and that total industry profits will be lower than under both Cournot and Cartel models. Explain why this is would be the case.Consider a market where the inverse demand function is P = 100 - Q. All firms in the market have a constant marginal cost of $10, and no fixed costs. Compare the deadweight loss in a monopoly, a Cournot duopoly with identical firms, and a Bertrand duopoly with homogeneous products.
- Suppose that two duopolists (firm A and Firm B) produce identical products. The firms face the following market demand curve P=1250-Q Where Q = Total output in the duopoly market Qa= Firm A’s output Qb = Firm B’s output P = Price in the duopoly market Firm A and Firm B make output decisions sequentially. Firm A is the leading firm that makes the first move, and firm B is the following firm. Firm A rationally anticipates the output reaction of Firm B, as Firm A has the prior knowledge of Firm B’s output-reaction curve, which is Qb = 600-0.5Qa It is assumed that firm B always acts in the same manner. Both firms have constant marginal costs (MC) of production where MCa=MCb=$50. Fixed Costs are nil because expenses have already been fully amortised In this duopoly market, equilibrium level of output is __________, and equilibrium level of price is ___________The market demand curve for a pair of duopolists is given as P = 21 − 2Q, where Q = Q1 + Q2. The constant per unit marginal cost is $9 for each duopolist. Find the equilibrium price, total quantity and profit for each firm, assuming the firms act as a Stackelberg leader and follower, with firm 1 as the leader.Consider a homogeneous good industry (such as an agricultural product) with just two firms and a total market demand Q = 400−P, so the inverse demand is P = 400 − Q. Suppose both firms have a constant marginal cost equal to $100 per unit of output and a fixed cost equal to $10,000. One simple way to depict rivalry in a duopoly (2 firms) is the Cournot model. This model is reasonable in agricultural markets where firms choose production (plantings) in advance and the market price is determined later after the crop is harvested. In the Cournot model we imagine that the two firms simultaneously choose their production or quantity, and that demand (market clearing) determines the price given each firms’ quantity. (a) Suppose (hypothetically) that the second firm produces 0 units, and the first firm anticipates this, so the first firm is the only seller. How much will the first firm produce (in this case the first firm acts like a monopolist and sets output where MR = MC)? Hint: The first…
- Consider a homogeneous good industry (such as an agricultural product) with just two firms and a total market demand Q = 400−P, so the inverse demand is P = 400 − Q. Suppose both firms have a constant marginal cost equal to $100 per unit of output and a fixed cost equal to $10,000. One simple way to depict rivalry in a duopoly (2 firms) is the Cournot model. This model is reasonable in agricultural markets where firms choose production (plantings) in advance and the market price is determined later after the crop is harvested. In the Cournot model, we imagine that the two firms simultaneously choose their production or quantity and that demand (market clearing) determines the price given each firms’ quantity. (a) Suppose (hypothetically) that the second firm produces 0 units, and the first firm anticipates this, so the first firm is the only seller. How much will the first firm produce (in this case the first firm acts as a monopolist and sets output where MR = MC)? Hint: The first…Consider an oligopoly industry whose firms have identical demand and cost conditions. If the firms decide to collude, then they will want to collectively produce the amount of output that would be produced by: a. A monopolistic competitor. b. A pure competitor. c. A pure monopolist. d. None of the above.Which one of the following models is suitable for studying entry deterrance? The Cournot duopoly model. The Bertrand dupoly model. The (modified) Stackleberg model. An infinitely repeated Bertrand duopoly model.