Question 13 13. At room temperature, the equilibrium mole fraction of vacancies in a crystal is 10-12. Nowthe crystal is subjected to irradiation which creates a great number of vacancies leading to avacancy mole fraction of 0.01. What is the chemical potential of the vacancies in the irradiatedcrystal?14. Consider the equilibrium between an Einstein crystal and its vapor. The chemical potential ofan ideal monatomic gas is(2rm)3/² (kgT)5/21Hg = -kgTlnph3The chemical potential of an Einstein crystal at low temperatures can be approximated as

Chemical potential is defined as the change in energy of the system upon addition or removal of a…

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n which creates a great number of vacancies at is the chemical potential of the vacancies in tl

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Solutions

Solutions can be considered as homogeneous mixtures which contain two or more than two chemical substances. The chemical substance which is the greater part is defined as solvent. And the chemical substance that is dissolved in a solvent is referred to as solute. Solution chemistry plays an important role in chemistry since it supports many commercial applications of solutions.

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Question 13

13. At room temperature, the equilibrium mole fraction of vacancies in a crystal is 10-12. Now
the crystal is subjected to irradiation which creates a great number of vacancies leading to a
vacancy mole fraction of 0.01. What is the chemical potential of the vacancies in the irradiated
crystal?
14. Consider the equilibrium between an Einstein crystal and its vapor. The chemical potential of
an ideal monatomic gas is
(2rm)3/² (kgT)5/21
Hg = -kgTln
ph3
The chemical potential of an Einstein crystal at low temperatures can be approximated as

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