Neanderthal fossils were first discovered in the nineteenth century. Study of their morphology suggested that Neanderthals were more closely related to humans than any living species of primate was. Much later, it became possible to sequence DNA from Neanderthal fossils and compare the sequences to those from other primates. Did the results confirm or refute the earlier conclusions based on morphology? Explain.

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Primate evolution

Primates are a relatively new species and first appeared in the fossil record nearly 55 million years ago. They may have originated as far back as the cretaceous period. Their fossils were observed in North America, Asia, and Europe. Long before the first monkeys and their prosimian relatives developed, most animal species thrived and died. The first primates did not exist until about 50-55 million years ago, even though the planet is 4.54 billion years old and the first life goes back at least 3.5 billion years. Dinosaurs had been extinct for 10 to 15 million years when this happened.