nich of the following offers the best description of neural transmission across a mammalian synaptic cleft? Action potentials at nerve terminals cause the release of chemicals that diffuse across the gap o It involves the flow of K+ and Na+ across the gap. O Neural impulses travel across the gap as electrical currents O Neural impulses travel across the gap in both directions

nich of the following offers the best description of neural transmission across a mammalian synaptic cleft? Action potentials at nerve terminals cause the release of chemicals that diffuse across the gap o It involves the flow of K+ and Na+ across the gap. O Neural impulses travel across the gap as electrical currents O Neural impulses travel across the gap in both directions

Anatomy & Physiology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Chapter12: The Nervous System And Nervous Tissue

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8ILQ: Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a...

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Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a neurotransmitter. The action potential reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, and a chemical signal is released to tell the target cell to do something, either initiate a new action potential, or to suppress that activity. In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. What is the importance of voltage-gated calcium channels in the release of neurotransmitters?
Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervetissue3) to learn about how nervous tissue is composed of neurons and glial cells. The neurons are dynamic cells with the ability to make a vast number of connections and to respond incredibly quickly to stimuli and to initiate movements based on those stimuli. They are the focus of intense research as failures in physiology can lead to devastating illnesses. Why are neurons only found in animals? Based on what this article says about neuron function, why wouldnt they be helpful for plants or microorganisms?
The ___________________ provides electrical insulation that allows faster propagation of nerve impulses. regarding signal transduction mechaniscm in neurons.
The rattlesnake alerts enemies to its presence with a rattle—aset of modified scales at the tip of its tail. Describe the distinctroles of gated ion channels in initiating and moving a signalalong the nerve from the snake’s head to its tail and then fromthat nerve to the muscle that shakes the rattle
Which of the following would you NOT expect with respect to variation in neural conduction velocity? Neural conduction speed increases over developmental time as Schwann cells synthesize myelin sheaths, insulating neurons Neural conduction velocity is higher in invertebrate species with insulating sheaths functionally equivalent to vertebrate myelin Neurons and species with larger axon diameters should have greater conduction velocities Neural networks with greater serial processing (i.e., lines of connecting neurons) should have greater neural conduction velocities. The thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) have a range of roles in regulating growth and metabolism. Thyroid hormones act throughout the body to regulate protein synthesis, long bone growth, and neural maturation. This represents an ______ effect of thyroid hormones. At the same time, through some unknown mechanism, application of thyroid hormones results in an immediate reduction in body temperature, which…
Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is responsible for initiating muscle movement. Consider the scenario where a mouse was bitten by a snake that injected venom into their circulatory system. The venom has an inhibitory effect on the reuptake of acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft. Explain how the mouse’s body would respond to the venom as well as the venoms effect at the cellular level.
Excitatory neurons A and B both synapse with neuron C. Neuron A releasesa neurotransmitter, and neuron B releases the same type and amount ofneurotransmitter plus a neuromodulator that produces EPSPs in neuron C.Action potentials produced in neuron A alone can result in action potentialproduction in neuron C. Action potentials produced in neuron B alone alsocan cause action potential production in neuron C. Which results in moreaction potentials in neuron C, stimulation by only neuron A or stimulationby only neuron B? Explain.
Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurolab)to see a virtual neurophysiology lab, and to observeelectrophysiological processes in the nervous system,where scientists directly measure the electrical signalsproduced by neurons. Often, the action potentials occur sorapidly that watching a screen to see them occur is nothelpful. A speaker is powered by the signals recorded froma neuron and it “pops” each time the neuron fires an actionpotential. These action potentials are firing so fast that itsounds like static on the radio. Electrophysiologists canrecognize the patterns within that static to understand whatis happening. Why is the leech model used for measuringthe electrical activity of neurons instead of using humans?
What membrane protein of the neuron is responsible for briefly increasing the Na+ permeability of the membrane during the rising phase of the nerve impulse? the sodium-potassium pump the voltage gated potassium channel the voltage gated sodium channel the stimulus gated sodium channel the ligand gated ion channels
All of the following are directly involved in synaptic transmission excepta. voltage-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membraneb. chemical-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membranec. Ca2+d. neurotransmitters
IPSP differs from EPSP in :-a- being of shorter durationb- being unable o summate spatiallyc- moving the membrane potential away from thresholdd- depending upon opening of voltage K + channels
A muscle cell contains acetylcholine receptors that act as ligand-gated cation channels,and it also contains voltage-gated Na+ channels of the type found in neurons. Intheory, could a muscle cell get away with having only acetylcholine-gated cationchannels, which would serve the dual purpose of receiving neurotransmitter signalsand propagating action potentials? Why or why not?