Answered: Neuropeptides :-a- are synthesized in…

Neuropeptides :-a- are synthesized in the synaptic knobsb- consist of small moleculesc- interact with ligand-receptorsd- could produce prolonged changes in the structure of postsynaptic neurons

Body Structures & Functions Updated

13th Edition

ISBN:9780357191606

Author:Scott

Publisher:Scott

Chapter9: Peripheral And Autonomic Nervous System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5FITB

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Question

Neuropeptides :-
a- are synthesized in the synaptic knobs
b- consist of small molecules
c- interact with ligand-receptors
d- could produce prolonged changes in the structure of postsynaptic neurons

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Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a neurotransmitter. The action potential reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, and a chemical signal is released to tell the target cell to do something, either initiate a new action potential, or to suppress that activity. In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. What is the importance of voltage-gated calcium channels in the release of neurotransmitters?
Chemical synapses in the nervous system :-a- allow diffusion of chemical substances form the presynaptic neuron into the postsynaptic neuronb- allow transmission of potential changes in one direction only; from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic neuronsc- have potential-gated ionic channelsd- are more numerous in the peripheral nervous system than the central nervous system
Drugs which open Cl- channels in synapses :-a- cause depolarization of postsynaptic membraneb- cause hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membranec- enhance release of neurotransmitters from synaptic knobsd- enhance response of postsynaptic neurons
Long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission :-a- is involved in pain control systemb- is caused by increased Ca ++ concentration in presynaptic neuronsc- results from fast repetitive stimulation of synapsed- is associated with decreased Ca ++ concentration in postsynaptic neurons
Opening of ligand-gated Cl- channels causes :-a- inhibition of the postsynaptic neuronb- depolarization of the postsynaptic neuronc- initiation of an action potentiald- block of ligand-gated cation channels
Phenytoin (sodium channel blocker) and ethosuximide (calcium channel blocker) are anti-seizure drugs that stop seizures from happening. These drugs work by inhibiting electrical impulses (action potentials) from occurring. Explain the importance of sodium and calcium channels on a neuron and the reasons why action potentials do not occur when these channels are inhibited. Thank you
A drug is called an agonist if it ________.a. blocks a receptorb. interferes with neurotransmitter reuptakec. acts like the endogenous neurotransmitter bybinding to its receptord. blocks the voltage-gated calcium ion channel
Of the below, what do neurotransmitters do? stimulate presynaptic terminals. remain in the synaptic cleft for long periods of time. do not affect membrane channels in the postsynaptic membrane. bind irreversibly to the receptor molecules of the postsynaptic membrane. cause the production of action potentials in the postsynaptic membrane.
When a postsynaptic neuron is adequately stimulated, action potentials develop at the initial segment of the axon because :-a- it contains many voltage-gated Na + channelsb- it contains the highest concentration of ligand-gated cation channelsc- it contains many voltage-gated Ca ++ channelsd- it is more sensitive to the direct stimulant effect of neurotransmitters
Synaptic knobs :-a- synthesize different types of neurotransmittersb- release neurotransmitters by diffusion across their membranesc- have ligand-gated Ca ++d- are located at the terminal end of dendrites
Synaptic fatigue is due to : -a- decreased synthesis of neurotransmittersb- inability to release neurotransmitters by exocytosisc- failure of action potentials to open voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in presynaptic terminald- imbalance in between rates of synthesis and release of neurotransmitters
Synaptic transmission s terminated by :-a- block of pretsynaptic receptorsb- elevation of Ca ++ concentration in synaptic cleftc- reuptake of neurotransmitters by postsynaptic neuronsd- degradation of neurotransmitters by specific enzymes