NSULIN causes fat, liver, and muscle cells to take in glucose. In this situation theeffector protein for the signaling pathway is ---,a metabolic enzymea transport proteina tyrosine kinase receptora transcription regulatora leukotreinean actin-binding proteinQUESTION 12Signaling molecules are released all over the body. Target cells must express thecorrect gene encoding theprotein in order for a ligand to find them.QUESTION 13Match each item to the correct mode of signaling.Cancer cells near a blood vesselА.paracrinerelease a growth factor calledVEGF, which binds to receptors onB. synapticblood vessel cells. The bloodС.contact-dependent (juxacrine)vessel cells begin to undergomitosis (divide).D.no class of signalingTransmembrane proteins on a skin E.endocrinecell bind to transmembraneproteins on a neighboringfibroblast cell. The fibroblast cellrearranges its cytoskeleton andchanges its shape.A neuron releases GABA, whichbinds to receptors on aneighboring neuron, causing themto open an ion channel to changemembrane potential.Cells in the adrenal gland releasecortisol, which binds to receptorson immune cells in the bonemarrow. The immune cells begin toexpress anti-inflammatoryproteins. QUESTION 14Neurotransmitters most often bind to ---receptors.QUESTION 15What do all ligands/signaling molecules have in common?Check all that applyThey are all moleculesThey can all enter the cellThey can all bind to a receptorthey start off the signal transduction pathwayThey are all proteinsQUESTION 16What do all receptors have in common?Check all that apply.they are all linked to G-proteinsthey are all transmembrane proteinswhen a ligand binds to them, they change shapethey are all proteinsall cells possess the same set of receptorsQUESTION 17What do ion channel receptors & G-protein coupled receptors have in common?Select all correct answersthey trigger signaling pathways that include kinase cascadesthey stick out from the surface of cellsthey produce second messengersthey change shape when a ligand binds to themthey are 7pass transmembrane proteins

Insulin is a harmony which regulates the blood glucose level . Due to question answering guidelines…

NSULIN causes fat, liver, and muscle cells to take in glucose. In this situation the effector protein for the signaling pathway is ---. a metabolic enzyme a transport protein a tyrosine kinase receptor a transcription regulator a leukotreine an actin-binding protein

NSULIN causes fat, liver, and muscle cells to take in glucose. In this situation the effector protein for the signaling pathway is ---. a metabolic enzyme a transport protein a tyrosine kinase receptor a transcription regulator a leukotreine an actin-binding protein

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked receptor to initiate the itchiness and airway constriction associated with an allergic response. If a mutation in the associated G-protein’s alpha subunit prevented the hydrolysis of GTP how would the allergic response change? More severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling. Less severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling. No allergic response. No change compared to normal G-protein signaling.
The oscillatory clock that drives somite forma-tion in vertebrates involves three essential componentsHer7 (an unstable repressor of its own synthesis), Delta (atransmembrane signaling molecule), and Notch (a trans-membrane receptor for Delta). Notch is bound by Delta onneighboring cells, activating the Notch signaling pathway,which then activates Her7 transcription. Normally, thissystem works flawlessly to create sharply defined somites(Figure Q21–2A). In the absence of Delta, however, onlythe first five somites form normally, and the rest are poorlydefined (Figure Q21–2B). If a pulse of Delta is suppliedlater, somite formation returns to normal in the regionswhere Delta was present (Figure Q21–2C). A diagram ofthe connections between the components of the clockand how they interact in adjacent cells is shown in FigureQ21–2D. In the absence of Delta, why do the cells becomeunsynchronized? What is it about the presence of Deltathat keeps adjacent cells oscillating in synchrony?
In contrast to their similar brain abnormalities,newborn mice deficient in Apaf1 or caspase-9 have dis-tinctive abnormalities in their paws. Apaf1-deficient micefail to eliminate the webs between their developing digits,whereas caspase-9-deficient mice have normally formeddigits (Figure Q18–1). If Apaf1 and caspase-9 function inthe same apoptotic pathway, how is it possible for thesedeficient mice to differ in web-cell apoptosis?
Put the following steps in the correct orderedsequence.a. kinase cascadeb. activation of a transcription factorc. hormone binds transmembrane receptord. expression of target genes in the nucleuse. Ras molecular switch
One important role of Fas and Fas ligand is to medi-ate the elimination of tumor cells by killer lymphocytes.In a study of 35 primary lung and colon tumors, half thetumors were found to have amplified and overexpressed agene for a secreted protein that binds to Fas ligand. How doyou suppose that overexpression of this protein might con-tribute to the survival of these tumor cells? Explain yourreasoning.
Certain hormones, such as epinephrine, can increase the levels ofcAMP within cells. Let’s suppose you pretreat cells with or withoutepinephrine and then prepare a cell extract that contains theCREB protein.You then use an electrophoretic mobility shift assay to analyzethe ability of the CREB protein to bind to a DNA fragmentcontaining a cAMP response element (CRE). Describe what theexpected results would be.
1. EGF interacts with blank to activate the MAP kinase cascade? G protein coupled receptor; receptor Tyrosine kinase; serine/threonine kinase; cdk 2. When a trimetric G protein is activated by gpcf? The three subuni8of the G protein remain tightly associated with each other; the GDP bound to the a subunit is phosphorylated to form bound GTP; it dissociates into a free b subunit as an ay subunit; none
I. The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a transcription factor that is similar to steroid hormone receptors. Thesubstance (ligand) that binds to this receptor is retinoicacid. One of the genes whose transcription is activatedby retinoic acid binding to the receptor is myoD. Thediagram that follows shows a schematic view of theRAR proteins produced by genes into which one oftwo different 12-base double-stranded oligonucleotides had been inserted in the ORF. The insertion site(a–m) associated with each mutant protein is indicatedwith the appropriate letter on the polypeptide map.For constructs encoding proteins a–e, oligonucleotide 1(5′ TTAATTAATTAA 3′ read off either strand) wasinserted into the RAR gene. For constructs encoding proteins f–m, oligonucleotide 2 (5′ CCGGCCGGCCGG 3′)was inserted into the gene.NH2 f g h i j k l m COOHa b c d eThe wild-type RAR protein can both bind DNA and activate transcription weakly in the absence of retinoic acid(RA) and strongly in RA’s presence. Each…
An SH2-containing protein contains a mutation that changes its binding pocket such that tyrosine and phosphotyrosine bind with equal afﬁnity. As a result, MEK activity: does not change with receptor dimerization and transautophosphorylation decreases due to changes in Raf activation increases with ligand binding-induced dimerization decreases due to allosteric inhibition of SH2-domain binding
I just read an abstract of the paper “Disulfide bond-disrupting agents activate the tumor necrosis family-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/death receptor 5 pathway” and noted that “DDAs and TRAIL synergize to kill cancer cells and are cytotoxic to HER2+ cancer cells with acquired resistance to the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib.” For the last sentence, I am not sure the meaning of the “acquired resistance to the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib”. Is the “acquired resistance ... to inhibitor” a good thing or bad thing, as far as the synergize effect of DDAs and TRAIL”? Hope that expert can help.
which of hthe following would result in a persisting proliferation response to growth factor receptor activation after the ligand is no longer binding to its rceptor kinase? 1. Both a mutation that blocks the GTPas activity of Ras and a mutation that blocks the exchange of GDP with GTP would cause the response to persist. 2. a mutation that blocks the GTPas activity of Ras 3. neither a mutation that blocks the GTPas activity of Ras nor a mutation that blocks the exchange of GDP with GTP would cause the response to persist 4. a mutatiaon that blocks the exchange of GDP with GTP
Signaling pathways often require receptor dimers to become active. What would be an advantage of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway requiring a trimer? I note from the article "Nature Reviews, Cancer 16:539, 2016" the following: The extrinsic apoptotic pathway, upon binding to their cognate ligand, death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor (TRAILR) and FAS can activate initiator caspases (caspase-8 and caspase-10) through dimerization mediated by adaptor proteins such as FAS-associated death domain protein (FADD). Active caspase-8 and caspase-10 then cleave and activate the effector caspase-3 and caspase-7, leading to apoptosis. I can't think of any other pathway that uses a trimer, so there must be a reason. Glad an exprt can help.