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- a. Manually, using a pencil, draw a cell in anaphase II from an organism in which 2n = 2 and each chromosome is metacentric. b. Given that each G1 nucleus from this organism contains 16 picograms of DNA, how many picograms of chromosomal DNA would you expect in the cell shown here?Mitotic nondisjunction can occur, particularly in tumor cells. Assume a single nondisjunction event involving the X chromosome occurs in a cell undergoing mitosis in a human female. First, consider the daughter cell with the smaller number of chromosomes: How many total chromosomes will this cell have? How many X chromosomes will this cell have? Next, consider the daughter cell with the larger number of chromosomes: How many total chromosomes will this cell have? How many X chromosomes will this cell have?Characterize the following human chromosomes as to size and as to position of its centromere. Size Type as to position of its centromere Chromosome In Group C 18 in Group G Y Chromosome
- The garden pea (Pisum sativum) is normally a diploid and has 7 chromosomes in one set (in other words, n = 7). Use this information to answer the following questions: a. How many centromeres would be in a cell of a tetraploid pea plant? ______ b. How many total chromatids would be in a cell of a tetraploid pea plant in metaphase of mitosis? _______ c. How many total chromosomes would be in a cell of a pea plant that is monosomic for a single chromosome?In com, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene (F_) restores fertility to male sterile lines. Using the following cardboard chips, simulate the crosses indicated below. Present your cross to your instructor for checking. After being checked, draw your simulated crosses in the spacesprovided below. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring in each cross, and properly label the nucleus and the cytoplasm of each individual in the crosses.Big white circular chips Male sterile cytoplasmBig peach circular chips Male fertile cytoplasmSmall peach circular chips FF nucleusSmall half-white-half-peach circular chips Ff nucleusSmall white circular chips ff nucleus a. male sterile female x FF maleExplain your results. b. male sterile female x Ff maleExplain your results.. With regards to the grasshopper testes experiment, diakinesis is an ideal stage to determine chromosome number due to the degree of condensation of the chromosomes? Count the chromosomes at this stage. Does it represent a diploid or a haploid number?
- describe the folded fiber model of the mitotic chromosome the folded fiber model is based on each_____ consisting of single fiber wound like a skein of yarn. Each fiber consists of ___-. A cloning process occurs during the transition of _____ chromatin into more condensed chromosomes during ____ of mitosis or meiosis. Such condensation leads to 5000 folded ____ in the length of the DNA. The transition is at the end of ______ and in the beginning of ____ when the chromosomes are in the condensation process. This eventually leads to typically short and fat and chromosome. interphase, RNA and protein, prophase, protein, DNA and protein, couple of fibers, contraction, extension, chromatid, metaphaseDraw and label G1 and G2 stages of interphase and each stage of mitosis (in order) for a cell that has two large and two small chromosomes, 2n=4. For unreplicated chromosome draw a line ( / ) and for replicated chromosome draw an X. Since we are focusing on the DNA, you can skip drawing the nuclear membrane or spindle fibers. For simplicity, do not indicate that the chromosomes are decondensed chromatin during interphase. Mark and label a place on one of the large chromosomes with the dominant allele of the “A” gene and put the recessive allele “a” on the other homolog. Mark and label a place on one of the small chromosomes with allele “B” and put the recessive allele “b” on the other homolog.In a turtle species, a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle contains 22 picograms of DNA (picogram is a measure of the total mass of the DNA present). How much DNA is present in a cell of the same species at prophase II of meiosis (prophase of the second meiotic division)?
- Why do eukaryotic cells need to go through the elaborate procedure of mitosis rather than simply dividing during interphase? Select as many answers as apply. 1.Daughter cells must be genetically identical to the mother cell, for homeostasis and ordered tissue growth. 2.Bivalent chromosomes must condense and be separated in an orderly fashion, to allow equal distribution of copies into daughter cells 3.Physically dividing the nucleus during interphase would likely lead to gross chromosome breakage and highly unequal assortment of genetic information into daughter cells. 4.Dividing the nucleus during interphase would have the same outcome as mitosis 5.Daughter cells must have half the number of chromosomes after mitosis than the mother cells 6.The homologous pairs of chromosomes need to be separated, to ensure copies go to the daughter cells.Two nonhomologous chromosomes have the following segments, where * represents the centromere: *ABCDEFG , *RSTUVWX. Name the type of chromosomal rearrangements that would produce each of the following chromosomes. *ABABCDEFG , *ABCD , GFEDCBA*RSTUVWX , *RSWVUTX , *ABCWX , *RSTUVDEFG . Which of these types of abnormalities are most likely embryonic lethal and which ones are not usually a problem for the individual carrying them? Briefly explain why.Identify centromere, duplicated and unduplicated chromosomes in the following diagram.
