O ACIDS AND BASESPredicting acid or base strength from the conjugaterelative pH of0.1 M aqueous solutionspeciesНСООН4HC,0,(Choose one)H;O1 (lowest)HNO,Choose one) ▼H,0(Choose one)NO,HCOO(Choose one)H,C,0,12 Order these chemical species by increasing pH of an 0.1 M aqueous solution of each. That is, imagine making an 0.1 M solution of each species. Select 1 nextto the species that makes the solution with the lowest pH. Select 2 next to the species that makes the solution with the next higher pH, and so on.Notice that some of the rankings have been filled in for you already, Also notice that water is on the list. For that particular case, just compare the pH of purewater to the pH of the other solutions.Note for advanced students: for all charged species, you may assume the necessary counterions act as neither acids nor bases.relative pH of0.1 M aqueous solutionspeciesНСООНHC,O,(Choose one) ▼H,01 (lowest)HNO,(Choose one)ExplanationCheck

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O ACIDS AND BASES Predicting acid or base strength from the conjugate relative pH of 0.1 M aqueous solution species НСООН 4 HC,0, (Choose one) 1 (lowest) HNO, Choose one) ▼ H,O (Choose one) NO, HCOO (Choose one) H,C,0, 12

O ACIDS AND BASES Predicting acid or base strength from the conjugate relative pH of 0.1 M aqueous solution species НСООН 4 HC,0, (Choose one) 1 (lowest) HNO, Choose one) ▼ H,O (Choose one) NO, HCOO (Choose one) H,C,0, 12

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition

3rd Edition

ISBN:9781133109655

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter16: Acids And Bases

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 51A

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What is a salt? List some anions that behave as weak bases in water. List some anions that have no basic properties in water. List some cations that behave as weak acids in water. List some cations that have no acidic properties in water. Using these lists, give some formulas for salts that have only weak base properties in water. What strategy would you use to solve for the pH of these basic salt solutions? Identify some salts that have only weak acid properties in water. What strategy would you use to solve for the pH of these acidic salt solutions? Identify some salts that have no acidic or basic properties in water (produce neutral solutions). When a salt contains both a weak acid ion and a weak base ion, how do you predict whether the solution pH is acidic, basic, or neutral?
Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions. (a) 10.0 mL of 0.300 M hydrofluoric acid plus 30.0 mL of 0.100 M sodium hydroxide (b) 100.0 mL of 0.250 M ammonia plus 50.0 mL of 0.100 M hydrochloric acid (c) 25.0 mL of 0.200 M sulfuric acid plus 50.0 mL of 0.400 M sodium hydroxide
Use the data in Table 15.1 to select a conjugate acid-base pair you could use to make buffer solutions having each of these hydrogen ion concentrations. 3.2 × 10−4 M 5.0 × 10−5 M 7.0 × 10−8 M 6.0 × 10−11 M
Determine the pH of an HF solution of each of the following concentrations. (Ka for HF is 6.8×10−4) 0.250 M pH=1.88 0.0460 M pH=2.28 0.0270 M pH= 2.40 In which cases can you not make the simplifying assumption that x is small? only in Part A only in Part B in Part A and Part B in Part B and Part C
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14. A neutral solution,such as pure water, has a pH of 7. An acid solution has a pH less than 7 and an alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7.The lower the pH below 7, the more acidic is the solution. Each whole-number decrease in pH represents a tenfold increase in acidity.The pH of a solution is given by pH = -log x,where x represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the solution, in moles per liter.Express answers as powers of 10. a. Normal, unpolluted rain has a pH of about 5.6. What is the hydrogen ion concentration? b. An environmental concern involves the destructive effects of acid rain. The most acidic rainfall ever had a pH of 2.4. What was the hydrogen ion concentration? c. How many times greater is the hydrogen ion concentration of the acidic rainfall in part (b) than the normal rainfall in part (a)?
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14. A neutral solution,such as pure water, has a pH of 7. An acid solution has a pH less than 7 and an alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7.The lower the pH below 7, the more acidic is the solution. Each whole-number decrease in pH represents a tenfold increase in acidity.The pH of a solution is given by pH = -log x,where x represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the solution, in moles per liter. a. The figure indicates that lemon juice has a pH of 2.3. What is the hydrogen ion concentration? b. Stomach acid has a pH that ranges from 1 to 3. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the most acidic stomach? c. How many times greater is the hydrogen ion concentration of the acidic stomach in part (b) than the lemon juice in part (a)?Express answers as powers of 10.
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14. A neutral solution, such as pure water, has a pH of 7. An acid solution has a pH less than 7 and an alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7. The lower the pH below 7, the more acidic is the solution. Each whole-number decrease in pH represents a tenfold increase in acidity. The pH of a solution is given by pH = -log x, where x represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the solution, in moles per liter. Use the formula to solve.a. The figure indicates that lemon juice has a pH of 2.3. What is the hydrogen ion concentration? b. Stomach acid has a pH that ranges from 1 to 3. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the most acidic stomach? c. How many times greater is the hydrogen ion concentration of the acidic stomach in part (b) than the lemon juice in part (a)?
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH3 is a weak base.
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH3 is a weak base. 0.26 mol of HCl is added to 1.0L of a 1.2M NH3 solution. acids: bases: other: 0.06 mol of HBr is added to 1.0Lof a solution that is 0.2M in both NH3 and NH4Cl. acids: bases: other:
Which one of these molecules would you expect to be the stronger base? Justify your answer.
Consider the following data on some weak acids and weak bases: *( Picture inserted below) Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on.
A chemist prepares dilute solutions of equal molar concentrations of NH3, NH4Br, NaF and NaCl. Rank these solutions from the highest pH to lowest pH.