The pH Scale Neutral: pH = 7 Pure Water Acid: 0 < pH <7 Alkaline: 7 < pH < 14 0 1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Battery Acid: 0 Blood: 7.3-7.5 Milk of Magnesia: 10 Beer: 3 Lemon Juice: 2.3 Tomato: Egg White: 8 Oven 4 Cleaner: 13
Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14. A neutral solution,such as pure water, has a pH of 7. An acid solution has a pH less than 7 and an alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7.The lower the pH below 7, the more acidic is the solution. Each whole-number decrease in pH represents a tenfold increase in acidity.
The pH of a solution is given by pH = -log x,where x represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the solution, in moles per liter.
a. The figure indicates that lemon juice has a pH of 2.3. What is the hydrogen ion concentration?
b. Stomach acid has a pH that ranges from 1 to 3. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the most acidic stomach?
c. How many times greater is the hydrogen ion concentration of the acidic stomach in part (b) than the lemon juice in part (a)?Express answers as powers of 10.
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