On January 1, 2021, NUBD Co. purchased a new machine for P100,000 with an estimated useful life of five years and no salvage value. For book and tax purposes, the machine will be depreciated using the straight-line method an it is expected to produce annual cash flow from operations, before income taxes, of P45,000. Assume that NUBD uses a time-adjusted rate of 12% and that its income tax rate will be 40% for all years. The net present value of the machine should be:(Use 3 decimal places for the PV factors) *

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A:

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A: Solution:

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Market Efficiency

Market efficiency refers to the market's ability to provide investors with all available information about investment options for buying and selling securities. Market efficiency reflects the true value of securities without undervaluing or overvaluing them. When the quality and quantity of information increase, the market becomes more efficient, allowing it to reduce arbitrage and obtain higher market returns from investment. In a well-functioning market, everyone receives all information completely and immediately at no cost. It opens up a plethora of opportunities for investors to access various investment options.