OneNote 101 Chem101 Tophat U USU Tutoring Scholarships :) Morgage Amer ow Consider a compound with formula XmOn where X is one of the elements below and m and n are the necessary subscripts for charge to balance. Which element would result in the compound with the largest lattice energy? You may find a periodic table I helpful. calcium (Ca) beryllium (Be) O potassium (K) magnesium (Mg) lithium (Li)

OneNote 101 Chem101 Tophat U USU Tutoring Scholarships :) Morgage Amer ow Consider a compound with formula XmOn where X is one of the elements below and m and n are the necessary subscripts for charge to balance. Which element would result in the compound with the largest lattice energy? You may find a periodic table I helpful. calcium (Ca) beryllium (Be) O potassium (K) magnesium (Mg) lithium (Li)

Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133611097

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl

Chapter8: Bonding: General Concepts

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 62E: Use the following data (in kJ/mol) to estimate E for the reaction S(g)+e S2(g). Include an estimate...

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The lattice energy of LiF is 1023 kJ/mol, and the LiF distance is 201 pm. MgO crystallizes in the same structure as LiF but with a Mg—O distance of 205 pm. Which of the following values most closely approximates the lattice energy of MgO: 256 kJ/mol, 512 kJ/mol, 1023 kJ/mol, 2046 kJ/mol, or 4008 kJ/mol? Explain your choice.
The lattice energy of LiF is 1023 kJ/mol, and the Li—F distance is 200.8 pm. NaF crystallizes in the same structure as LiF but with a Na—F distance of 231 pm. Which of the following values most closely approximates the lattice energy of NaF: 510, 890, 1023, 1175, or 4090 kJ/mol? Explain your choice.
7.74 In a lattice, a positive ion is often surrounded by eight negative ions. We might reason, therefore, that the lattice energy should be related to eight times the potential of interaction between these oppositely charged particles. Why is this reasoning too simpler?
Use the following data (in kJ/mol) to estimate E for the reaction S(g)+e S2(g). Include an estimate of uncertainity. Esub is the energy of sublimation. Lattice Energy I.E.of M Esub of M Na2S 2203 495 109 K2S 2052 419 90 Rb2S 1949 409 82 Cs2S 1850 382 78 2Na(s)+S(s)Na2S(s)E=365kJ/mol2K(s)+S(s)K2S(s)E=381kJ/mol2Rb(s)+S(s)Rb2S(s)E=361kJ/mol2Cs(s)+S(s)Cs2S(s)E=360kJ/molS(s)S(g)E=277kJ/molS(g)+e-S(g)E=200kJ/mol Assume that all values are known to 1 kJ/mol.
hat is the enthalpy change for a process? Is enthalpy a state function? In what experimental apparatus are enthalpy changes measured?
Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps (this is a simplification, as with all models): (I) removing an electron from the metal; (2) adding an electron to the nonmetal; and (3) allowing the metal cation and nonmetal anion to come together. a. What is the sign of the energy change for each of these three processes? b. In general, what is the sign of the sum of the first two processes? Use examples to support your answer. c. What must be the sign of the sum of the three process d. Given your answer to part c, why do ionic bonds occur? e. Given your above explanations, why is NaCl stable but not Na2Cl? NaCl2? What about MgO compared to MgO2? Mg2O?
What is meant by a chemical bond? Why do atoms form bonds with each other? Why do some elements exist as molecules in nature instead of as free atoms?
Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, determine which bond is stronger: the SF bond in SF4(g) or in SF6(g)?
Element First Ionization Energy (kJImol) Second Ionization Energy (kiImol) I K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 75. Use principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following: (a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca2+ ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference. (b) The lattice energy of CaO(s) is 3460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K2O is 2240 kJ/mol. Account for the difference. (c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second ionization energies. Element First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 (d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.