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- In the Southern Company Managerial Challenge, which alternative for complying with the Clean Air Act creates the greatest real option value? How exactly does that alternative save money? Why? Explain why installing a scrubber burns this option.There exists 3000 tons of a non-renewable resource (q). Demand is given by P=800−0.25q where P is price. Marginal cost is constant and equal to 200. Assume there are two choices: either to mine the resource today (period 0) or in the next period (period 1). Assume a discount rate of 3%.For each question state: 1.How much will be mined in period 0 and 1, respectively? 2.What is the increase in price in percent between the periods?Suppose a firm is facing a two-period (t = 0, 1) depletable resource (e.g., oil) extraction problem. The inverse demand function of the resource is Pt=20–0.5Qt ; marginal extraction cost is MCt = $5/unit; resource stock is Q = 20 units and interest rate is r = 50%. a) Write down the firm’s objective and efficiency condition. Using diagrams for this problem, calculate the dynamically efficient extractions, marginal user costs, present value of scarcity rents, and present value of total net benefits for the two periods.
- If the spot price of gold is $250 per ounce and the risk-free rate of interest is 10 percent per annum, the six-month forward price per ounce of gold, in equilibrium, should be closest to A. $250.00. B. $256.25. C. $262.50. D. $275.00.Consider C-grade bonds with average cumulative default rate 19.1 for year 5 and 22.53 for year 6. For these bonds, what is the 1-year hazard rate for the 6th year?A university spent $1.8 million to install solar panels atop a parking garage. These panels will have a capacity of 500 kw, have a life expectancy of 20 years and suppose the discount rate is 10%. If electricity can be purchased for costs of$0.10 per kwh, how many hours per year will the solar panels have to operate to make this project break even? If efficient systems operate for 2,400 hours per year, would the project break even? The university is seeking a grant to cover capital costs. How big of a grant would make this project worthwhile (to the university)?
- If f(k) = 6k0.5, s = 0.1, n = 0.1, and d = 0.2, what is the value of f(k) at equilibrium? A. 6 B. 12 C. 18 D. 24Address the following: a) Suppose that the allocation of a natural resource during three years results in a stream of total surplus value of $100 per period t (i.e.: t = 0; 1; 2). Obtain the present value of this stream when the discount rate is r = 0.10 and also when it is r = 0.05. b) Alternatively, the resource could be fully extracted now (say, in the period t = 0), resulting in a total surplus $280 at t = 0 and 0 in every future period. Is this immediate extraction strategy preferred to the extraction strategy described in (a) when r = 0.10? What about when r = 0.05? What does this tell us about the intuitive meaning of discounting regarding intertemporal preferences c) Explain what it means that a resource allocation is dynamically efficientAssume that the oil extraction company needs to extract Q units of oil (a depletable resource) reserve between two periods in a dynamically efficient manner. What should be a maximum amount of Q so that the entire oil reserve is extracted only during the 1st period if (a) the marginal willingness to pay for oil in each period is given by P = 34 - 0.2q, (b) marginal cost of extraction is constant at $3 per unit, and (c) discount rate is 2%?
- Burlington Motor Carriers, a trucking company, is considering the installation of a two-way mobile satellite messaging service on its 2,000 trucks. From tests done last year on 120 trucks, the company found that satellite messaging could cut 60% of its $5 million bill for long-distance communications with truck drivers. More importantly, the drivers who used this system reduced the number of "deadhead" miles-those driven without paying loads-by 0.5%. Applying that improvement to all 230 million miles covered by the Burlington fleet each year would produce an extra $1.25 million in savings. Equipping all 2,000 trucks with the satellite hookup will require an investment of $8 million and the construction of a message-relaying system costing $2 million. The equipment and onboard devices will have a service life of eight years and negligible salvage value; they will be depreciated under the five-year MACRS class. Burlington's marginal tax rate is about 38%, and its required minimum…Consider a forester who must decide when to cut down a growing tree. Suppose the net value of the tree at any continuous time t is given by f(t) = 10exp{0.01t2}. Assume also that the (continuous) market interest rate is given by r = 0.04. The present discounted value of the tree owner 10 years after it is planted is ???A company manufactures Products A, B, and C. Each product is processed in three departments: I, II, and III. The total available labor-hours per week for Departments I, II, and III are 1020, 1080, and 900, respectively. The time requirements (in hours per unit) and the profit per unit for each product are as follows. Product A Product B Product C Dept. I 2 1 2 Dept. II 3 1 2 Dept. II 2 2 1 Profit $18 $12 $15 If management decides that the number of units of Product B manufactured must equal or exceed the number of units of products A and C manufactured, how many units of each product should the company produce to maximize its profit?