4 Consider the decision tree below. You are at the starting decision node DO (shown in the orange color). Assumeall paths and decisions occur within a 1-year time horizon, so that no discounting is necessary. There are dollarinvestments, as shown, required at decision nodes D1 and D2. Which of the letters (shown in the red color)represents the optimal path maximizing the expected outcome value?Value, $A300.9D3Investment0.4100$-500.10.6-50DIS-8050090 0.1D1500$-8090Value $0.3150S-250.3-300.4750.5200D2 S-30- E 0.5-100$-3550O a. AO b. BO c. CO d. DO e. EO f. F

In the decision tree, An expected value is acquired by multiplying the value of each possible…

Answered: Consider the decision tree below. You…

Practical Management Science

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337406659

Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Publisher:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Chapter9: Decision Making Under Uncertainty

Section9.2: Elements Of Decision Analysis

Problem 3P

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Many decision problems have the following simplestructure. A decision maker has two possible decisions,1 and 2. If decision 1 is made, a sure cost of c isincurred. If decision 2 is made, there are two possibleoutcomes, with costs c1 and c2 and probabilities p and1 2 p. We assume that c1 , c , c2. The idea is thatdecision 1, the riskless decision, has a moderate cost,whereas decision 2, the risky decision, has a low costc1 or a high cost c2.a. Calculate the expected cost from the riskydecision.b. List as many scenarios as you can think of thathave this structure. (Here’s an example to get youstarted. Think of insurance, where you pay a surepremium to avoid a large possible loss.) For eachof these scenarios, indicate whether you wouldbase your decision on EMV or on expected utility.
Harley, an ice-cream vendor, purchases each pint of ice-cream for $7 and sells for $20 each. At the end of the week, the unsold ice-cream can be salvaged for $2 each. From past experience, Harley has estimated the sales probabilities as below. What is the optimal number of pints Harley should purchase? Number of Ice-creams Sold, Probability 1 = 0.05, 2 = 0.1, 3 = 0.2 , 4 = 0.25, 5 = 0.15, 6 = 0.1, 7 = 0.08, 8 = 0.07
In the problem on excel : 1.What are the decision variables 2.What is the objective functions 3. What are the 12 constraints and explain You won $750,000 from a lottery and, you have decided to come up with a list of possible investments that you will invest, all of the $750,000 that you have won. The expected return of each of the 6 possible investments that you are considering investing in,and their Expected Rate of Return over the next year are in the table below. Investment Expected Rate of return Amazon Inc (USA Shares) 13.5% Royal Bank of Canada (Canadian Shares) 7.4% Nike Inc (USA Shares) 10.0% Telus Corporation (Canadian Shares) 6.1% Snap Inc (USA Shares) 3.0% Nestle SA (Switzerland Shares) 4.8% it is important to have a diversified portfolio, and therefore have come up with the following guidelines on how to invest your money: 1.The total invested in USA Shares should be at least 10% but no more then 45% of the total…
A payoff table is given as: S1 S2 S3 D1 250 750 500 D2 300 -250 1200 D3 500 500 600 (a) What choice should be made by the optimistic decision maker? (b) What choice should be made by the conservative decision maker? (c) What decision should be made under minimal regret? (d) If the probabilities of d1, d2, and d3 are .2, .5, and .3, respectively, then what choice should be made under expected value?
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A store owner must decide whether to build a small or a large facility at a new location. Demand at a location can be either small or large, which probabilities estimated to be 0.4 and 0.6, respectively. If small facility is built and demand proves to be high, the manager may choose not to expand (payoff=P235,000) or to expand (payoff=P275,000). If a small facility is built and demand is low, there is no reason to expand and the payoff is P220,000. If a large facility is built and demand proves to be low, the choice is to do nothing (P60,000) or to stimulate demand through local advertising. The response to advertising may be either modest or sizable, with their probabilities estimated to be 0.3 and 0.7, respectively. If it is modest, the payoff grows to P230,000 if the response is sizable. Finally, if a large facility is built and demand turns out to be high, the payoff is P900,000.a.) Draw a decision tree.b.) Determine the expected payoff for each decision and event node.c.)…
The following payoff table shows a profit for a decision analysis problem with two decision alternatives and three states of nature. In order to get full credit, show your all work done step by step including cell calculations using excel functions. State of Nature Decion Alternatives s1 s2 s3 d1 250 100 50 d2 100 75 100 a) Construct a decision tree for this problem. b) Suppose that the decision-maker obtains the probabilities P(s1)=0.65, P(s2)=0.15, and P(s3)=0.20. Use the expected value approach to determine the optimal decision.
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