Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations? The frequency of resistant forms will continue to increase in the population They will likely become extinct without the presence of the antibiotic They will likely stop mutating and developing new resistance mechanisms The proportion of non-resistant forms in the population is likely to increase The resistance gene will disappear from the population rapidly

Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations? The frequency of resistant forms will continue to increase in the population They will likely become extinct without the presence of the antibiotic They will likely stop mutating and developing new resistance mechanisms The proportion of non-resistant forms in the population is likely to increase The resistance gene will disappear from the population rapidly

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter12: Processes Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1DID

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Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations? A. Horizontal gene transfer would increase B. The populations will begin colonizing new environments. C. The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in these populations. D. They will go extinct without the antibiotic. E. The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
A. Species K can be used as an outlier. B. The most recent common ancestor for Species A to D probably infected water fowl. C. The most recent common ancestor for Species A to F probably infected fish. D. We can conclude that infection of water fowl by Species D is a reversal event. E. A minimum of three evolutionary events are needed to result in the pattern of host usage distribution depicted in the figure.
A bacterial infection by M.tuberculosis causes the disease tuberculosis (TB). Explain the meaning of drug resistance in tuberculosis. Did natural selection occur in the drug resistant population. Explain!
How does gene flow affect coevolution? For example, there is a coevolutionary arms race between snakes and newts. Snakes try to eat newts but they end up dying due to the newts' proudction of a toxin (TTX). In response, snakes have adapted a greater resistance to the toxin allowing them to not die. What would the factor of gene flow do to a population like this??
A small number of animals moves away from a large ancestral population on the continental mainland and colonizes an island. Which of the following is likely to occur? A. Genetic diversity will decrease on the mainland, because of a population bottleneck. B. Alleles that were more rare on the mainland are likely to become more common on the island, because of the founder effect. C. Genetic diversity will be lower on the island than the mainland, because of the founder effect. D. Mutations rates will increase on the island, in response to selection pressures in the new environment.
The theory of evolution is most accurately described as Group of answer choices A. Nn opinion that some scientists hold about how life originated on Earth. B. An overarching explanation, supported by much evidence, for how populations change over time and new species arise from ancestral species. C. One possible explanation, among several scientific alternatives, about how species have come into existence. D. An educated guess about how species originate. E. An idea about how acquired characteristics are passed on to subsequent generations.
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/110301_pcbresistantcod (ARTICLE LINK) QUESTIONS: 1. Review the process of natural selection. Use the steps to explain how PCB resistance became so common among tomcod in the Hudson. Be sure to include the terms mutation, fitness, selective pressure, and adaptation in your explanation. 2. In this blog post, the author describes the tomcod as "a quick learner" because of the population's adaptation to PCBs. Is "learning" an accurate way to describe the change in the Hudson River tomcod population? Why or why not? 3. The data shown on the map above support the hypothesis that natural selection for PCB resistance has occurred among tomcod in the Hudson. What sort of evidence regarding gene frequencies in different populations would argue against this hypothesis (i.e., imagine what the scientists would have observed in this study if natural selection on the AHR gene had not occurred among Hudson River tomcod)? 4. Why is it not accurate to…
Why is a balancedfrequency of different allelesof a gene in a population moreuseful for the survival of thatpopulation facingenvironmental changes?
Let us assume that there is a sub-population of wasps that are evolving towards a longer and thinner ovipositor i.e. longer ovipositors are increasing in frequency in the species. Provide a hypothetical natural selection scenario that would result in such a transition from a thick and short ovipositor to a longer and thinner ovipositor. In your answer, you should include pertinent information on: The Original Population2. Selection Pressures3. Differential Reproductive Success4. Selective Advantages5. Direction of Evolution6. Expected pattern of Evolution
Match the description with the correct term.A. the idea that inherent variation in a population allows for certain traits to be selected and carried on to future generations of the population experiencing an environmental pressureB.organisms that do not have a common ancestry but develop body parts that perform the same functionC. a model suggesting the gradual change of a species to form distinct speciesD. the idea that all living things on Earth share a common ancestorE. a common ancestor adapts and results in various speciesF. two populations become reproductively isolated (can no longer reproduce successfully)1.speciation 2. adaptive radiation 3. analogous structures 4.theory of evolution 5. gradualism 6. theory of natural selection
Describe mechanisms (random mutation, natural selection, reductive evolution) that contribute to the appearance of diverse traits in a population and explain how growth habitats can affect the prevalence of individual traits. Apply this knowledge to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in pathogen populations.
Mosquitoes can carry and transmit many diseases to humans. In the past, the insecticide DDT was heavily used to reduce mosquito populations in order to reduce instances of disease transmission. However, after some time, mosquito populations developed a resistance to DDT, which made the DDT less effective in reducing mosquito populations. Based on what you’ve learned about natural selection, in 3–5 sentences, describe how mosquitoes may have come to develop this resistance.