PDGF is encoded by a gene that can cause cancer when expressed inappropriately. why do cancers not arise at wounds in which PDGF is released from platelets?
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PDGF is encoded by a gene that can cause cancer when expressed inappropriately. why do cancers not arise at wounds in which PDGF is released from platelets?
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- A tumor cannot grow to be very large without the development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) to provide access to oxygen and nutrients. During the 1990s, it was discovered that Factor X stimulates the proliferation and migration of the cells that form blood vessels, thereby inducing the formation of new blood vessels. Factor X binds to specific receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) on the cell surface and causes the RTKs to dimerize and become active, initiating an intracellular signaling cascade that stimulates cell division and inhibits apoptosis. Many cancer cells secrete high levels of Factor X, and increased Factor X expression in a tumor is correlated with a poor medical outcome for the patient. Some evidence suggests that blocking Factor X-dependent signaling may prevent the formation of new blood vessels and lead to the death of immature blood vessels without disturbing mature blood vessels. You work for a biotechnology company that seeks to create anticancer drugs that…Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is, as its name suggests, stored in and secreted by platelets. Platelets release PDGF in the vicinity of wounds as part of their participation in the clotting response. PDGF, in turn, stimulates the proliferation of nearby fibroblasts, which help in the wound healing process. When, however, the PDGF gene is mutated or inappropriately expressed, it can lead to cancer. Why, then, does the wound healing response not lead to similar uncontrolled cell division?What is the difference between Prima-1 and nutlins in the way they would fight cancer?
- why EGFR play a role in CRC and other cancer?The capillary tubes that are used to draw blood for the measurement of hematocrit are treated with heparin. Why?TSC acts as a tumor suppressor by continually suppressing mTOR and must be inhibited in order for mTOR to be active. True or false, explain why
- Once an activated signaling pathway has elicited the proper changes in target gene expression, the pathway must be inactivated. Otherwise, pathological consequences may result, as exemplified by persistent growth factor initiated signaling in many cancers. Many signaling pathways possess intrinsic negative feedback by which a downstream event in a pathway turns off an upstream event. Describe the negative feedback that down-regulates signals induced by (a) erythropoietin and (b) TGF-β.Herceptin is an antibody that is used to treat certain forms of breast cancer by binding to a class of estrogen receptors. What is the basis for its effectiveness in treating certain forms of breast cancer?43. Which is a growth stimulating factor involved clot formation and initiates wound healing through fibroblast stimulation? A. GPCR B. GSK-3 beta C. HER2 D. PDGF E. Wnt
- Some endocrine tumors secrete a hormone that leads to elevation of extracellular fluid Ca21 concentrations. How might this affect cardiac muscle?HPLC requires a pump to move the mobile phase through the stationary phase. What is the driving force for the mobile phase to move through the stationary phase in TLC?Rho activation is preceded by association of a Rho regulator to regions of the plasma membrane just “above” where the contractile ring will form. Which regulator (Rho GAP or Rho GEF) would you predict would be localized to this region of the cell? Briefly explain your reasoning.