Place the following events in order that they occur during the functioning of a chemical synapse. 1 v [ Choose ] Electrical wave begins in the second cell Opening of ion channels in a nearby cell Binding of neurotransmitters to receptors in a nearby cell Release of neurotransmitters in the distal end of the cell where the wave starts Electrical wave starts in a cell 3 [ Choose ] [ Choose ] [ Choose ]
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![Place the following events in order that they occur during the functioning of a chemical synapse.
1
v [Choose ]
Electrical wave begins in the second cell
Opening of ion channels in a nearby cell
Binding of neurotransmitters to receptors in a nearby cell
Release of neurotransmitters in the distal end of the cell where the wave starts
2
Electrical wave starts in a cell
3
[ Choose ]
[ Choose ]
[ Choose ]
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- Which of the following occurs during synaptic transmission? Select ALL that apply A) vesicles filled with neurotransmitter are released into the synapse B) an action potential travels through a neuron like a wave C) neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the sending neuron D) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor triggers the opening of an ion channel E) ions enter the receiving neuron's dendritesWhat statement about synapse activity is false? A.The input of sodium ions by AMPA receptors is triggered by glutamate binding to the same receptors.B.Calcium entering the dendritic spine during synaptic transmission activates proteins that can potentiate synapse.C.Depolarization of the membrane caused by the arrival of calcium ions makes it possible to eject sodium blocking NMDA receptors.D.Glutamate can be released by the pre-synaptic button following the arrival of an action potential via the axon.In chemical synapses, transmission occurs in a forward direction because :-a- neurotransmitter receptors are found only in the postsynaptic membraneb- the subsynaptic membrane does not contain neurotransmitter vesiclesc- the subsynaptic membrane is more sensitive than the membrane of synaptic knob to the effect of neurotransmittersd- the subsynaptic membrane contains both ligand-gated and voltage-gated ionic channels
- Two excitatory synapses on a neuron fire at the same time as one inhibitory neuron. Each synapse comes from a different presynaptic neuron. Explain what happens at each synapse (in the post-synaptic neuron) and what determines whether this neuron will fire.At a synapse, opening one sodium channel (for the normal duration before closing) causes a small depolarization. Opening a handful of sodium channels may cause a larger depolarization. Opening more channels may lead to an even larger depolarization, up to a point. Then the depolarization would be the same regardless of how many other sodium channels opened. Explain why the number of open channels increases the depolarization, and why it doesn’t matter beyond a certain point.Which of these is least likely to trigger an action potential in a post-synaptic cell? A)EPSPs and IPSPs arrive simultaneously at multiple synapses. B)The other choices are equally likely to trigger an action potential. C)Single EPSPs arrive simultaneously at multiple synapses. D)Multiple EPSPs arrive rapidly at a single synapse.
- 1 _________________________ is an example of presynaptic modification of synaptic activity. Group of answer choices Up regulation of neurotransmitter receptors All of these are presynaptic modifications An axoaxonic synapse Receptor desensitization NextPhotoreceptor cells form glutamatergic synapses onto bipolar cells and when photoreceptor cells are depolarized the release of glutamate into the synapse is increased. One class of bipolar cells, (called OFF bipolar cells) have excitatory glutamate receptors in their post-synaptic specialization. What happens to the membrane potential of OFF bipolar cells when photoreceptors are illuminated?I have stimulated a neuron with dopamine for a second followed by treating it with cocaine and calcium chelating agent (which chelates out all calcium from the system making them unavailable for function), what will be the effect of such impulse on generating an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron? Will it be different if I pretreat the set of nerve cells with cocaine and calcium chelating agent followed by stimulating the neuron with dopamine? Justify your answer with proper reasoning in brief.
- Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Botulinum toxin binds to the pre-synaptic neuron preventing exocyctosis. Using this information and what you know about action potentials, graded potentials and synapses answer the questions below. Could a graded potential occur in a presynaptic nerve affected by botulinum? If so under what conditions?Assume a neuron is at rest and the following changes happen: Step 1: Neurotransmitter binds to an ionotropic excitatory neurotransmitter receptor causing an EPSP. Step 2: With the neurotransmitter still bound either a NAM or non-competitive antagonist bind to the allosteric site of the receptor. Answer the following questions that explains how the NAM and non-competitive antagonist would differ in their actions. 4.) A. Going from step 1 to step 2 what would happen to the ionotropic receptor (ion channel) as a result of the NAM. B. Going from step 1 to step 2 what would happen to the ionotropic receptor (ion channel) as a result of the non-competitive antagonist. C. Going from step 1 to step 2 how would membrane potential change as a result of the NAM D. Going from step 1 to step 2 how would the membrane potential change as a result of the non-competitive antagonist.Order the following events that occur during a nerve impulse. a few milliseconds behind the Na channels, K channels open and allow K into the cell (-70 mV) Na voltage-gated channel opens and Na leaves the cell (-55 mV) some stimulus is detected (-70 mV) more Na outside the cell causes other nearby Na channels to open (+35 mV) the cell rebalances the Na and K ions in preparation for the next impulse (~3-4ms)