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- What goods and services would you include in an estimate of the basic necessities for a family of four?Which set of policies is more likely to cause a tradeoff between economic output and equality: policies of redistribution policies aimed at the ladder of opportunity? Explain how the production possibility frontier tradeoff between economic equality and output might look in each case.Describe how each of these changes is likely to affect poverty and inequality: Incomes rise for low-income and high-income workers, but rise more for the high-income earners. Incomes fall for low-income and high-income workers, but fall more for high-income earners.
- Using two demand and supply diagrams, one for the low-wage labor market and one for the high-wage labor market, explain how a program that increased educational levels for a substantial number of low-skill workers could reduce inflame inequality.Who is included in the top income quintile?Why is there reluctance on the part of some in the United States to redistribute income so that greater equality can be achieved?
- Who are the near-poor?Explain how a country may experience greater equality in the distribution of income, yet still experience high rates of poverty. Hint: Look at the Clear It Up 'How do governments measure poverty in low-income countries?' and compare to Table 15.5.Using two demand and supply diagrams, one for the low-wage labor market and one for the high-wage labor market, explain how information technology can increase income inequality if it is a complement to high-income workers like salespeople and managers, but a substitute for low-come workers like file clerks and telephone receptionists.
- Jonathan is a single father with one child. He can work as a server for $6 per hour for up to 1,500 hours per year. He is eligible for welfare, and so if he does not earn any income, he will receive a total of 10,000 per year. He can work and still receive government benefits, but for every 1 of income, his welfare stipend is 1 less. Create a table similar to Table 15.4 that shows Jonathans options. Use four columns, the first showing number of hours to work, the second showing his earnings from work, the third showing the government benefits he will receive, and the fourth column showing his total income (earnings + government support). Sketch a labor-leisure diagram of Jonathans opportunity set with and without government support.Imagine that the government reworks the welfare policy that was affecting Jonathan in question 1, so that for each dollar someone like Jonathan earns at work, his government benefits diminish by only 30 cents. Reconstruct the table from question 1 to account for this change in policy. Draw Jonathans labor-leisure opportunity sets, both for before this welfare program is enacted and after it is enacted.
