Practice Problem: What distance has the car traveled when it has reached a speed of 20 m/s? Answer: 41 m.

Inquiry into Physics
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Chapter6: Waves And Sound
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(I just need the practice problem worked out. The other picture has the background info needed to solve the answer. The correct answer is also provided to be able to check work.) 

Finally, we
Velocity as a function of position for an
acceleration
For an object moving in a straight line with constant acceleration ax,
-
2
2
v² = voz² + 2ax(x − xo).
Ux
Units: The units of each term in this equation reduce to m²/s².
Notes:
is the initial velocity of the object when it is at its initial position xo.
•
Vox
• Ux
This equation is generally used in problems that neither give a time t nor ask for o
U is the final velocity of the object when it is at its final position x.
EXAMPLE 2.7 Entering the freeway
is
Now we will apply Equation 2.11 to a problem in which time is neither given nor asked for. A sports car
sitting at rest in a freeway entrance ramp. The driver sees a break in the traffic and floors the car's accelera-
tor, so that the car accelerates at a constant 4.9 m/s² as it moves in a straight line onto the freeway. What
distance does the car travel in reaching a freeway speed of 30 m/s?
SOLUTION
SET UP As shown in Figure 2.19, we place the origin at the initial posi-
tion of the car and assume that the car travels in a straight line in the +x
direction. Then Vox = 0, Ux = 30 m/s, and ax 4.9 m/s².
SOLVE The acceleration is constant; the problem makes no mention
of time, so we can't use Equation 2.6 or Equation 2.10 by itself.
2
2
V
v² = v₁² + 2ax(x − xo).
x - xo.
We need a relationship between x and Ux, and this is provided by
Equation 2.11:
Rearranging and substituting numerical values, we obtain
(30 m/s)² - 0
2(4.9 m/s²)
V
2
X
-
2
VOX
(2.11
2ax
=
Video Tutor Solut
=
Equati
pos
Ec
If
S
92 m.
CONT
Transcribed Image Text:Finally, we Velocity as a function of position for an acceleration For an object moving in a straight line with constant acceleration ax, - 2 2 v² = voz² + 2ax(x − xo). Ux Units: The units of each term in this equation reduce to m²/s². Notes: is the initial velocity of the object when it is at its initial position xo. • Vox • Ux This equation is generally used in problems that neither give a time t nor ask for o U is the final velocity of the object when it is at its final position x. EXAMPLE 2.7 Entering the freeway is Now we will apply Equation 2.11 to a problem in which time is neither given nor asked for. A sports car sitting at rest in a freeway entrance ramp. The driver sees a break in the traffic and floors the car's accelera- tor, so that the car accelerates at a constant 4.9 m/s² as it moves in a straight line onto the freeway. What distance does the car travel in reaching a freeway speed of 30 m/s? SOLUTION SET UP As shown in Figure 2.19, we place the origin at the initial posi- tion of the car and assume that the car travels in a straight line in the +x direction. Then Vox = 0, Ux = 30 m/s, and ax 4.9 m/s². SOLVE The acceleration is constant; the problem makes no mention of time, so we can't use Equation 2.6 or Equation 2.10 by itself. 2 2 V v² = v₁² + 2ax(x − xo). x - xo. We need a relationship between x and Ux, and this is provided by Equation 2.11: Rearranging and substituting numerical values, we obtain (30 m/s)² - 0 2(4.9 m/s²) V 2 X - 2 VOX (2.11 2ax = Video Tutor Solut = Equati pos Ec If S 92 m. CONT
Vox = 0
t =
Ux
D
-
otxo
ax = 4.9 m/s²
A FIGURE 2.19 A car accelerating on a ramp and merging onto
a freeway.
ax
Alternative Solution: We could have used Equation 2.6 to solve for
the time t first:
VOX
x = ?
30 m/s-0
4.9 m/s²
6
Ux = 30 m/s
= 6.12 s.
X
t acceleration
e
A
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration 43
Then Equation 2.10 gives the distance traveled:
x = xo = Voxt + a₂²
-
хо
= 0 + (4.9 m/s²) (6.12 s)² = 92 m.
REFLECT We obtained the same result in one step when we used
Equation 2.11 and in two steps when we used Equations 2.6 and 2.10.
When we use them correctly, Equations 2.6, 2.10, and 2.11 always give
consistent results.
The final speed of 30 m/s is about 67 mi/h, and 92 m is about
100 yd. Does this distance correspond to your own driving experience?
Practice Problem: What distance has the car traveled when it has
reached a speed of 20 m/s? Answer: 41 m.
Equations 2.6, 2.10, and 2.11 are the equations of motion with constant acceleration.
any kinematic problem involving the motion of an object in a straight line with constant
cceleration can be solved by applying these equations. Here's a summary of the equations:
The plot with constant acceleration:
^ x = xo + vaxt + a 1²
The effect of
acceleration:
a,t²
Transcribed Image Text:Vox = 0 t = Ux D - otxo ax = 4.9 m/s² A FIGURE 2.19 A car accelerating on a ramp and merging onto a freeway. ax Alternative Solution: We could have used Equation 2.6 to solve for the time t first: VOX x = ? 30 m/s-0 4.9 m/s² 6 Ux = 30 m/s = 6.12 s. X t acceleration e A 2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration 43 Then Equation 2.10 gives the distance traveled: x = xo = Voxt + a₂² - хо = 0 + (4.9 m/s²) (6.12 s)² = 92 m. REFLECT We obtained the same result in one step when we used Equation 2.11 and in two steps when we used Equations 2.6 and 2.10. When we use them correctly, Equations 2.6, 2.10, and 2.11 always give consistent results. The final speed of 30 m/s is about 67 mi/h, and 92 m is about 100 yd. Does this distance correspond to your own driving experience? Practice Problem: What distance has the car traveled when it has reached a speed of 20 m/s? Answer: 41 m. Equations 2.6, 2.10, and 2.11 are the equations of motion with constant acceleration. any kinematic problem involving the motion of an object in a straight line with constant cceleration can be solved by applying these equations. Here's a summary of the equations: The plot with constant acceleration: ^ x = xo + vaxt + a 1² The effect of acceleration: a,t²
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