Problem 3. Company X's factory makes noise that would cost $6000 to quieten. The noise causes company Y next door to lose $8000 in productivity and it would cost company Y $7700 to install noise-proofing that would shut out the noise. Transactions costs are high. a) True or False? Under no liability, Company Y will install the noise-proofing. b) True or False? Under strict liability, Company X will pay to prevent the noise. c) What is the efficient solution to the noise problem (should it be quietened and by who)?
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- Case Analysis 1. in 1982, XYZ cement company began its plant operation in Pampanga. Local residents were very happy because of the economic benefits they got from the plant especially the 400 local residents employed. After a few years of operation, Local Residents noticed the constant vibration and loud noise coming from the plant. Local residents filed a suit against the company asking the court to issue an injunction to close the plant. The residents claimed that the loud noise and the vibrations posed dangers to their health and damaged their property. The company was using the best available technology in their operation. The court refused to issue the injunction arguing that closing the plant would mean more harm than good to both parties. The court instead ruled that the company should pay the residents a one-time fee to compensate them for the damages done. The amount was computed based on the fair market price residents would receive if they were inclined and able to rent…Day Street Deli’s owner is disturbed by the poor profit performance of his ice cream counter.He has prepared the following profit analysis for the year just ended: he owner is thinking the elimination of this counter. If it is eliminated then: ✓ Depreciation of counter equipment is avoidable ✓ The supervisory salaries is avoidable✓ The insurance expense is unavoidable ✓ The depreciation of building unavoidable ✓ The general overhead is unavoidable Required:a) Should the company eliminate the counter or not? Show your calculations and justify your answer.b) Mention at least three relevant costs.Your boss believes the company's power plant is producing too much air pollution on a typical island. Your boss gives you three choices for dealing with this problem because he/she does not want to deal with it: You can pay a pollution tax (Carbon Offsets) one time of $13,000,000 immediately. You can close the plant and install a power cable from the mainland to the Island. That will cost you $1,000,000 at the end of this year, $3,000,000 at the end of next year and then $750,000 forever for maintenance. You can retrofit the plant with scrubbers to reduce the emissions to make the plant green. That will cost $7.5m at the end of this year and $100,000 for 50-years for maintenance. Assume that the cost of generating power on the mainland is approximately the same as the cost of generating power at the Island's plant. Assume, this comes as a surprise to you and you, have not saved any money in reserves, and you need to raise capital. Additional information is that market has a…
- Your boss believes the company's power plant is producing too much air pollution on a typical island. Your boss gives you three choices for dealing with this problem because he/she does not want to deal with it: You can pay a pollution tax (Carbon Offsets) one time of $13,000,000 immediately. You can close the plant and install a power cable from the mainland to the Island. That will cost you $1,000,000 at the end of this year, $3,000,000 at the end of next year and then $750,000 forever for maintenance. You can retrofit the plant with scrubbers to reduce the emissions to make the plant green. That will cost $7.5m at the end of this year and $100,000 for 50-years for maintenance. Assume that the cost of generating power on the mainland is approximately the same as the cost of generating power at the Island's plant. Assume, this comes as a surprise to you and you, have not saved any money in reserves, and you need to raise capital. Additional information is that market has a…Ellie Ice-cream’s owner is disturbed by the poor profit performance of his ice cream counter. He has prepared the following profit analyses for the year just ended: The owner is thinking the elimination of this counter. If it is eliminated then: Depreciation of counter equipment is avoidable The supervisory salaries is avoidable The insurance expense is unavoidable The depreciation of building unavoidable The general overhead is unavoidable Required:a) Should the company eliminate the counter or not? Fill in the table and justify your answer. b) Mention at least three relevant costs.Signal mistakenly produced 1,000 defective cell phones. The phones cost $60 each to produce. A salvage company will buy the defective phones as they are for $30 each. It would cost Signal $80 per phone to rework the phones. If the phones are reworked, Signal could sell them for $120 each. Signal has excess capacity. Should Signal scrap or rework the phones?
- Howard Weiss, Inc., is considering building a sensitive new radiation scanning device. His managers believe that there is a probability of 0.4 that the ATR Co. will come out with a competitive product. If Weiss adds an assembly line for the product and ATR Co does not follow with a competitive product, Weiss's expected profit is $40,000, if Weiss adds an assembly line and ATR follows suit, Weiss still expects $10,000 profit. If Weiss adds a new plant addition and ATR does not produce a competitive product, Weiss expects a profit of $600,000, if ATR does compete for this market, Weiss expects a loss of $100,000 a) Determine the EMV of each decision. b) Compute the expected value of perfect information.A company inadvertently produced 3,000 defective MP3 players. The players cost $12 each to produce. A recycler offers to purchase the defective players as they are for $8 each. The production manager reports that the defects can be corrected for $10 each, enabling them to be sold at their regular market price of $19 each. The company should a. Correct the defect and sell them at the regular price. b. Sell the players to the recycler for $8 each. c. Sell 2,000 to the recycler and repair the rest. d. Sell 1,000 to the recycler and repair the rest. e. Throw the players away.I know this is a lot of information but this is what I would need to solve the problem. Any help would be appreciated! Your company, VR Co., has been approached to bid on a contract to sell 20,000 voice recognition (VR) computer keyboards a year for four years. Due to technological improvements, beyond that time they will be outdated and no sales will be possible. The equipment necessary for the production will cost $4 million and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis to a zero salvage value. Production will require an investment in net working capital of $80,000 initially and to be returned at the end of the project, and the equipment can be sold for $200,000 at the end of production. Fixed costs are $700,000 per year, and variable costs are $48 per unit. In addition to the contract, you feel your company can sell 4,000, 12,000, 14,000, and 7,000 additional units to companies in other countries over the next four years, respectively, at a price of $145. This price is fixed.…
- There are four factories in the city of Gotham that are polluting the waterways. Each firm is currently producing 4 pounds of pollution; Managers will continue to pollute unless the local government intervenes. Managers will prefer to maximize economic profit by avoiding paying any costs to reduce or prevent pollution created by their business. The table below shows the marginal cost of cleaning up each pound of pollution. For example, the Gamma’s cost of cleaning up the third-pound of pollution is $180. Beta’s cost of cleaning up the first pound of pollution is $30. If Alpha cleaned up all four pounds of pollution, the total cost will be $320 (=40+40+80+160) i.e. add up the marginal cost. MARGINAL COST OF CLEANING UP POLLUTION Name of firm Alpha Beta Delta Gamma in $ in $ in $ in $ 1 st pound $40 $30 $80 $20 2 nd pound $40 $60 $90 $60 3 rd pound $80 $120 $100 $180 4 th pound $160…Y8 Triumph Automotive manufactures the rear-view mirrors that are used in cars. The newly appointed manager wants to cut the total cost of manufacturing by employing less-skilled labour to manufacture the product, which could affect the profit margin by 8%. However, this manufacturing approach has led to some issues and defects in assembling rear-view mirrors and as a result, Triumph Automotive has lost some of its customers. Senior management has intervened to examine this issue and explains to the manager about shifting the focus from profit maximisation to managing the financial and managerial resources for the well-being of the stakeholder and wider community. They also explain the orientation of interests of the managers and the shareholders of organisation in one direction, to achieve long-term goals without incurring any additional costs, such as agency costs. In this context: Required: Critically comment on the financial management objectives ‘profit-maximization’…A noted accountant once remarked that the optimal number of faulty TV sets for the XYZ Electric Co. Ltd. to sell is "not zero," even if XYZ promises to repair all faulty XYZ sets that break down, for whatever reason, within two years of purchase. The optimal number would be "not zero" because None of the other alternatives are correct The repair costs are tax deductible It is cheaper (and, therefore more profitable) to repair a few sets than to have such stringent quality control that no defects result All the three statements about faulty TV sets are correct Zero defects could not be accounted for and hence the accounting system could not capture the information to better plan future production