Problem 3. Suppose firms in an industry have aggregate MAC= 400 – 5E and aggregate MD = 3E. What is the tax rate that helps achieve the socially efficient level of emissions? -
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A: MAC1 = 12 - 2E1 MAC2 = 8 - E2 MED = .5(E1+E2)
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- An emissions tax on a quantity of emissions from a film is not a command-and-control approach to reducing pollution. Why?Suppose you want to put a dollar value on the external costs of carbon emissions from a power plant. What information or data would you obtain to measure the external [not social] cost?Suppose a small country, Country X, is considering implementing a Carbon Tax to address environmental concerns and reduce carbon emissions. The government believes that such a tax will have an impact on the country's economic performance. Given the following data: Current annual carbon emissions: 500,000 metric tons The government proposes a carbon tax of $30 per metric ton of carbon emitted. Calculate the potential change in annual carbon tax revenue if the country successfully reduces its carbon emissions by 20% after the implementation of the Carbon Tax.
- Explain the difference between regulating emissions via fees vs. standards. Which of the two would be more efficient if there are large differences between the firms’ marginal costs of abatement.Graphically analyze the effect that a revenue neutral carbon tax has on the consumption of carbon intensive goods.Consider two firms with the following marginal abatement costs (MAC) as a function of emissions (E): MAC1 = 30 - 6E1 MAC2 = 20 - 10E2. If both firms cut their emissions to zero, then total abatement costs (TAC) for the two firms is ____. Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.
- Suppose a country has two airlines. One is a small domestic airline that uses modern airplanes with lower CO2 emissions, and the other is a large international airline that uses older jumbo jets carrying hundreds of people at one time. A carbon emissions tax on airlines would be more efficient than a strict limit (command and control) on the total amount of carbon emissions each airline can produce. Two reasons that support this statement are: a. A carbon emissions tax would a.allow the larger airline to continue using its less efficient airplanes b.not allow the large airline to continue using its less efficient airplanes . b. A command-and-control policy would likely a.allow the larger airline to continue its service. b.force the larger airline to curb its service.Attached is the marginal abatement costs of three firms, related to the quantity of emissions. Each firm is now emitting 10 tons per week, so total emissions are 30 tons per week. Suppose we wish to reduce emissions by 50 percent, to 15 tons per week. Compare the total cost of doing this: (a) with an equi-proportionate decrease in emissions (b) with a decrease that meets the equi-marginal principle.Imagine a firm’s marginal abatement cost function with existing technologies is: MAC = 12 – E. If the firm adopts new pollution abatement technologies, its marginal abatement cost function will be: MAC = 6 – 0.5E. With a tax on emissions of $4, the benefits of adopting the new technologies equal:Select one:a. $9.b. $4.50.c. $8.d. $4.
- Many economists favor a carbon tax as a way to discourage carbon emissions. Suppose such a tax were to be set at $20 per metric ton of carbon emissions (1 metric ton = 1,000 kilograms). Consider a 35% efficient coal-fired powerplant that produces 50MW of electricity. Given the carbon intensity of coal is 24gC/MJ, answer the following: a) What would the annual carbon tax be for this powerplant? Answer: $2.16 million/year b) A tree farm sequesters carbon at the rate of 5,000kg per year per acre over the 40-year life of the farm. What area of forest (in acres) would have to be planted to “offset” the powerplant’s emissions over the next 40 years (roughly the lifetime of the powerplant)? Answer: 21,600 acres c) How much could the powerplant operators pay for the forestry project (in $/acre-year) and still have it be cheaper than paying the $20 per metric ton carbon tax? Answer: $100/acre-yearConsider two firms with the following marginal abatement costs (MAC) as a function of emissions (E): MAC1 = 10 - 2E1 MAC2 = 4 - E2 If both firms cut their emissions to zero, then total abatement costs (TAC) for both firms is ____. THE ANSWER IS NOT 17Plants A and B emit 12 tons and 6 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), respectively. MAC(marginal abatement costs) for a = 12 - Ea, MACb=12-2Eb MD(marginal damage) = 1/3*E (E indicates CO2 emission) Suppose the government decides to introduce a carbon tax on CO2 emissions. What is the tax amount (ie tax rate) per optimal ton of CO2 emissions? And what is the total revenue that would make the government sufficiently capable of introducing a carbon tax?