Progesterone: 1) Is produced in adult testes and is responsible for genital development, beard growth, muscle development, and sexual drive 2) Is produced by the placenta during pregnancy, with highest levels seen at conception and then steadily decreasing to non-detectable levels at term 3) Is lowest is serum during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and highest during the follicular phase 4) Parallels activity of the corpus luteum by rapidly increasing following ovulation and then abruptly falling to initial low concentrations prior to the onset of menstruation

Progesterone: 1) Is produced in adult testes and is responsible for genital development, beard growth, muscle development, and sexual drive 2) Is produced by the placenta during pregnancy, with highest levels seen at conception and then steadily decreasing to non-detectable levels at term 3) Is lowest is serum during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and highest during the follicular phase 4) Parallels activity of the corpus luteum by rapidly increasing following ovulation and then abruptly falling to initial low concentrations prior to the onset of menstruation

Body Structures & Functions Updated

13th Edition

ISBN:9780357191606

Author:Scott

Publisher:Scott

Chapter21: Reproductive System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4RQ

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Draw two graphs that illustrate the uterine and ovarian cycles. Explain the functions and FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone, giving a step-by-step explanation of maturation of a follicle, ovulation, and the corresponding stages of development of the endometrium.
Describe the function of each of the following hormones in the uterine and ovarian cycles: GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogens, progesterone, and inhibin.
Which of the following statement correctly describe the role of androgen in the male reproductive system? Select one: A. LH stimulates the Sertoli cell to produce inhibin and to start spermatogenesis. B. Increased levels of inhibin released by the interstitial cells result in lower levels of FSH and testosterone. C. Increased levels of testosterone feedbacks negatively to the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. D. GnRH is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the release of FSH and LH.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome? Question 28 options: a) Excessive androgens that affect follicular decline by suppressing apoptosis, enabling follicles, which normally disintegrate to survive b) A decrease in leptin levels that reduces the hypothalamic pulsatility of GnRH, which reduces the number of follicles that mature c) A disorder of the anterior pituitary that increases the release of FSH, which reduces the release of LH d) Testosterone that stimulates androgen secretion by the ovarian stroma and reduces SHBG indirectly
Which of the following statements correctly describes the development of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle? Select one: a. Estrogen causes the relatively fast thickening of the endometrium during the follicular stage. Progesterone maintains the thickness of the endometrium during the luteal phase. b. Progesterone causes the relatively slow development of the endometrium during the follicular stage and then accelerates the thickening of the endometrium during the luteal phase. c. Estrogen causes accelerated development of the endometrium during the follicular stage and then maintains the thickness of the endometrium during the luteal phase. d. Estrogen causes the relatively slow development of the endometrium during the follicular stage. Progesterone causes accelerated thickening of the endometrium during the luteal phase.
Three of the steps of neuro endocrine mechanism in respect of parturition are mentioned below.Write the missing steps in proper sequence.(a) Signals originate from fully developed foetus and placenta.(b) ______________________________.(c) ______________________________.(d) Oxytocin causes strong uterine contraction(e) Uterine contraction stimulates further secretion of oxytocin.(f) ______________________________.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the development of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle? Select one: A. Estrogen causes accelerated development of the endometrium during the follicle stage and then maintains the thickness of the endometrium during the luteal stage. B. Progesterone causes the relatively slow development of the endometrium during the follicle stage and accelerates the thickening of the endometrium during the luteal stage. C. Estrogen causes the relatively fast thickening of the endometrium during the follicular stage. Progesterone maintains the thickness of the endometrium during the luteal phase. D. Estrogen causes the relatively slow development of the endometrium during the follicular stage. Progesterone causes accelerated thickening of the endometrium during the luteal phase.
Sildenafil citrate (marketed under the name ‘Viagra’) causes increased blood flow into the penis, thus allowing for erection to occur. Explain the mechanism by which this drug accomplishes this? What hormone is primarily responsible for the Graafian follicle rupturing to release the oocyte at ovulation?
Briefly describe the role of BMP-4 in ovarian follicular development
Teratomas in the pituitary glands are very rare tumours that occur in children and young adults. Usual symptoms of teratoma are diabetes insipidus, neurological issues, and a reduction in pituitary hormones.Which of the following correctly describes the symptoms of a 10-year-old girl with a teratoma tumour in the pituitary gland? Select one: a. Increased levels of ADH and stimulation of the development of secondary sexual characteristics b. Decreased levels of ADH and inhibition of the development of secondary sexual characteristics c. Decreased levels of FSH and stimulation of the development of secondary sexual characteristics d. Increased levels of FSH and inhibition of the development of secondary sexual characteristics
According to the diagram at right, FSH injections to super-stimulate the ovaries will: a. Rescue the subordinate follicles from atresia b. Reverse atresia of subordinate follicles c. Stimulate new waves of follicular growth d. Cause ovulation of atretic follicles what prevents the dominant follicles of Waves 1 and 2 from ovulating? a. follicles are not big enough b. the animal is not in heat c. the high progesterone prevents the LH/FSH surge d. all of the above e. none of the above
Give the rationale behind the hormonal ingredients used in the formulation of the female contraceptive pill. What are the side-effects of the use of such pills, and how does modern pharmacology address these issues?