Provide an explanation to the following statements about monopolies. (a) The marginal revues decrease with (b) The monopolist is a price maker. (c) The optimal price for the monopolist is greater than in perfect competition. (d) The optimal production level for the monopolist is lower than in perfect competition. (e) The resource allocation is inefficient. (f) When n E [1,2), there will be a natural monopoly.
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- 1. Classify the following as a government-enforced barrier to entry, a barrier to entry that is not government-enforced, or a situation that does not involve a barrier to entry. a. A patented inventionb. A popular but easily copied restaurant recipec. An industry where economies of scale are very small compared to the size of demand in the marketd. A well-established reputation for slashing prices in response to new entrye. A well-respected brand name that has been carefully built up over many yearsOne difference between a monopoly and a perfectly competitive firm is Question 7 options: a) in the long run, price equals marginal cost for the monopolist whereas for a perfectly competitive firm price equals minimum average total cost b) the monopolist is able to sustain long run economic profits whereas the perfectly competitive firm is unable to c) the monopolist produces a quantity of output where marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost (MR > MC) whereas the perfectly competitive firm produces a quantity of output where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost (MR = MC) d) there are no fixed costs for a monopolists whereas a perfectly competitive firm has fixed costs1a) A monopolist maximizes profit by maximizing price. True False 1b) In the in an advertising "prisoner's dilemma" game,both firms end up __________________ which turns out to be ________________________ advertising; better for them both. advertising; worse for them both not advertising; better for them both not advertising; worse for them both. 1c) In the short run, if a firm shuts down, the firm's total revenue is equal to fixed cost. variable cost. total cost. zero. 1d) Suppose that demand increases in an increasing-cost industry that is in long-run competitve equilibrium.After the market has completely adjusted, the equilibrium price will be above its original level. below its original level. equal to its original level. indeterminate. 1e) Which of the following characteristics can be used to differentiate products in a specific market? Low prices. Advertising. Barriers to entry. Low costs.
- 9. Suppose that the downstream market for widgets is characterized by the inverse demand curve P = 100 - Q. Widget retailer is controlled by the monopolist WR Inc., which obtains its widgets from the monopoly wholesaler WW Inc. at a wholesale price of ww per widget, WW inc. obtains the widgets in turn from the monopoly manufacturer WM ltd. at a manufacturing price of wm per widget. WM Inc. incurs marginal costs of $10 per unit in making widgets. WW and WR each incur marginal costs of $5 in addition to the prices that they have to pay for widgets. What is the equilibrium widget price to consumers, P, the equilibrium wholesale price ww and the equilibrium manufacturing price wm? What is the profit earned by each firm at these prices? Show that vertical integration by any two of these firms increases profit and benefits consumers. Show that integration of all three firms is even more beneficial.1. Supposed the firm has fixed cost production but no variable cost.The profit of firm is maximized when a. It produce at the level where it's a total revenue is maximized b. It produce at the level where it's Marginal revenue is equal to price c. It produce at the level where it can charge the highest price possible d. It produce at the level where it's average cost is equal to its marginal cost 2. The most common source of illegal Monopoly today is a. Predatory pricing b. Intellectual property rights c. Royal edict d. Natural monopoly 3. In a monopolist ( profit maximizing) marginal revenue P> MC ( the price exceeds the marginal cost). The implies that a. The consumer surplus is equal to the producer surplus b. The total value of the good is maximized c. The equilibrium is Marshall inefficient d. The market price is equal to the market quantity1. TopGames buys the rights to sell a certain video game title worldwide. top games pay $400,000 for this right and the marginal cost of providing the video game download is zero. TopGames’ economist realizes they have two groups of customers: the 2,000 hard-core fans of this game who will pay up to $150 a year to be able to play this game; and the 10,000 casual gamers who will pay up to $50 a year to play this game. If TopGames can NOT price discriminate, what is its profit-maximizing price? What is its profit? a. Price = $50; Profit = negative $100,000 b. Price = $50; Profit = $300,000 c. Price = $150; Profit = $100,000 d. Price = $150; Profit = $500,0002. TopGames buys the rights to sell a certain video game title worldwide. top games pay $400,000 for this right and the marginal cost of providing the video game download is zero. TopGames’ economist realizes they have two groups of customers: the 2,000 hard-core fans of this game who will pay up to $150 a year to be able to play this…
- 5. Conditions for price discrimination Price discrimination is the practice of charging different prices for the same product that are not justified by cost differences. Evaluate the following statement: "Price discrimination requires market segmentation." False, because the monopolist can never charge anyone their maximum willingness to pay anyway False, because the monopolist does not need to know people's willingness to pay for its goods None of these choices True, because the monopolist needs to know the willingness to pay of different groups of consumers1. Based on the best available econometric forecasts, market elasticity demand for your company's products is -2.5. Marginal cost to produce product is constant at $ 140. Determine the optimal price per unit, if: a.You are a monopolist. b.You compete with one another in the Cournot oligopoly. c.You are competing with 9 other companies in the Cournot oligopoly. 2. The water pump company has succeeded in introducing a water pump that saves electricity, is easy to install, and is durable (guaranteed). Its high quality has given the company an early edge in the local and national markets, but the entry of highly skilled competitors may occur within the next 3 years. Assume that the income and expense relationship of the company is as follows: TR = 22000Q - 15.6Q2 MR = dTR / dQ = 22000 - 31.2Q TC = 300000 + 4640Q + 10Q2 MC = dTC / dQ = 4640 + 20Q Where TR is income (in thousands of rupiah), Q is quantity (in units), MR is marginal income (in thousands of rupiah), TC is total cost,…2. Using the Long Run Average Cost curve for a Monopolistic Competitive firm below answer questions 2a – 2d. a. As presented in the long-run profit-maximizing output for the monopolistic competitive firm is: b. To maximize long-run profits, the monopolistically competitive firm shown in this graph will charge a price per unit of: c. As represented in this graph, the maximum long-run economic profit earned by this monopolistic competitive firm is:
- 15. The marginal benefit to suppliers will be less than the marginal cost to the single buyer. This describes A-perfect competition B-monopolistic competition C-an oligopoly D-a monopoly E-a monopsony 13 Which of the following is correct about a monopsonistic market? A-Resources are efficiently allocated. B-There is one seller and many buyers. C-The monopsony has a lower quantity transacted as in a perfectly competitive market, ceteris paribus. D-The supply curve is horizontal and is equal to the average cost of labor. E-Purchase of an additional unit decreases the price of that unit and of the existing units being purchased.3. Suppose a monopolist faces a demand curve of D: P = 50 – 5Q. There are no fixed costs, but there is a constant marginal cost where MC = 10. a) What is the optimal quantity, price and profit level? b) Would profits increase or decrease if the monopolist price discriminated? c) Would consumer surplus increase or decrease if the monopolist price discriminated?(b) Suppose CLP Holdings Limited is a natural monopolist with constant marginal cost. Draw a diagram to indicate the profit-maximizing level of output, the profit-maximizing price, and the size of the profit.