provide the complete equilibrium equations of the solubilizing of carbon dioxide gas in the air dissolved in rainwater and all species possible pH1 to pH 13. This means writing all species and each equilibrium equation that are present from pH 1 to 14.

provide the complete equilibrium equations of the solubilizing of carbon dioxide gas in the air dissolved in rainwater and all species possible pH1 to pH 13. This means writing all species and each equilibrium equation that are present from pH 1 to 14.

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter16: Solubility And Precipitation Equilibria

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 70AP

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Step 1: Introduction to carbonate equilibria

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Step 2: Equilibrium equations of the solubilizing of carbon dioxide gas

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Step 3: pH involved for bicarbonate and other species

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Step 4: Diagram of pH for all the species formed from CO2

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TypeFormulaKsp Solubility Product Constants (Ksp at 25 oC) TypeFormulaKspBromidesPbBr26.3 × 10-6AgBr3.3 × 10-13CarbonatesBaCO38.1 × 10-9CaCO33.8 × 10-9CoCO38.0 × 10-13CuCO32.5 × 10-10FeCO33.5 × 10-11PbCO31.5 × 10-13MgCO34.0 × 10-5MnCO31.8 × 10-11NiCO36.6 × 10-9Ag2CO38.1 × 10-12ZnCO31.5 × 10-11ChloridesPbCl21.7 × 10-5AgCl1.8 × 10-10ChromatesBaCrO42.0 × 10-10CaCrO47.1 × 10-4PbCrO41.8 × 10-14Ag2CrO49.0 × 10-12CyanidesNi(CN)23.0 × 10-23AgCN1.2 × 10-16Zn(CN)28.0 × 10-12FluoridesBaF21.7 × 10-6CaF23.9 × 10-11PbF23.7 × 10-8MgF26.4 × 10-9HydroxidesAgOH2.0 × 10-8Al(OH)31.9 × 10-33Ca(OH)27.9 × 10-6Cr(OH)36.7 × 10-31Co(OH)22.5 × 10-16Cu(OH)21.6 × 10-19Fe(OH)27.9 × 10-15Fe(OH)36.3 × 10-38Pb(OH)22.8 × 10-16Mg(OH)21.5 × 10-11Mn(OH)24.6 × 10-14Ni(OH)22.8 × 10-16Zn(OH)24.5 × 10-17IodidesPbI28.7 × 10-9AgI1.5 × 10-16OxalatesBaC2O41.1 × 10-7CaC2O42.3 × 10-9MgC2O48.6 × 10-5PhosphatesAlPO41.3 × 10-20Ba3(PO4)21.3 × 10-29Ca3(PO4)21.0 × 10-25CrPO42.4 × 10-23Pb3(PO4)23.0 × 10-44Ag3PO41.3 × 10-20Zn3(PO4)29.1 ×…