Q.3 Each extra worker produces an extra unit of output up to six workers. After six, noadditional output is produced. Draw the total product, the average product of labor,and the marginal product of labor curves.(3)Q.4 What information is contained in an indifference curve? Why are such curves:(6)a) Downward sloping andb) Convex to the origin?Why does total utility increased as the consumer moves to an indifference curvefarther from the origin? Why can't indifference curves intersect?Q. 5 Which are the following are short-run and which are the long-run adjustment?Explain in your own words with the help of examples.a) Wendy's builds a new restaurantb) Harley-Davidson corporation hires 200 more production workers.c) A farmer increase the amount of fertilizer used on his corn cropd) An Alcoa aluminum plants add a third shift of workers.(6)Q. 6 What is sunk cost? Provide an example of a sunk cost other than one from thisbook and explain in your own words. Why are such costs irrelevant in making decisionabout future actions?Q. 7 Use the following demand schedule to determine the total revenue and marginalrevenue for each possible level of sales:Product PriceQuantityTotal RevenueMarginalRevenueDemanded$2$2$2$2$2$21245a) What can you conclude about the structure of the industry in which this firm isoperating? Explainb) Graph the demand, total revenue, and marginal revenue curves for this firm.c) Why do the demand and marginal revenue curves coincide?d) "Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue associated with additionalunits of output". Explain verbally and graphically , using the data in the table.

Total product is the sum of productivities associated with production. Marginal productivity is the…

Q.3 Each extra worker produces an extra unit of output up to six workers. After six, no additional output is produced. Draw the total product, the average product of labor, and the marginal product of labor curves. (3)

Q.3 Each extra worker produces an extra unit of output up to six workers. After six, no additional output is produced. Draw the total product, the average product of labor, and the marginal product of labor curves. (3)

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter16: Labor Markets

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16.11P

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Which of the following statements accurately describes typical indifference curves? a. The slope of an indifference curve indicates the marginal rate of transformation. b. Indifference curves are down-sloping due to the diminishing average product. c. An indifference curve traces combinations of production inputs which yields the same level of production cost. d. Indifference curves represent the constraints that individuals face in their decision-making process. e. Further away from the origin an indifference curve is located, the higher level of utility it represents.
Labor-Leisure choice. Uses 80 hour maximum work week. Utility = R3C2 R = leisure C = dollar amount of income for consumption Budget Line 1: Wage = $16 per hour. No other income. Draw the Labor-Leisure diagram, including the budget line. Solve the point of optimization, and label it point A. Draw the indifference curve. Label it U1 Budget Line 2: Wage = $22 per hour. No other income. Draw the budget line for this new $22 wage. Solve the point of optimization, and label it point B. Draw the indifference curve. Label it U3 Use an auxiliary budget line to separate the income effect from the substitution effect. Identify the substitution effect as point S. Draw the indifference curve. Label it U2 The point of optimization for part C can be labeled, rather than numerically solved, as long as the drawn answers show expected results for two normal goods.
In the theory of consumer, we argued that the utility is ordinal, that is, utility number does not have any intrinsic meaning other than to give a preference ordering among consumption bundles. In other words, any increasing monotone transformation of a utility function represents the same preference, hence the spacing between indifference curves does not have any significance. Explain why in the theory of producer, the production function and the corresponding isoquant is a cardinal property, that is, the number itself has an intrinsic meaning. And explain the relationship between returns to scale and space between isoquants.
Compare the two concepts: Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) and the Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution (MRTS). 1. Clarify how to use the concepts in maximizing problems. Explain the similarities of the two concepts. 2. Use two illustrations- by explaining convex indifference curves and isoquants and a formal approach to clarify your explanations.
How would you demonstrate part c) diagramatically 6. Assume you can work as many hours you wish at £12 per hour (net of tax). If you do not work, you have no income. You have no ability to borrow or lend, so your consumption, c, is simply equal to your income. b) Assume that your optimal choice of consumption and leisure is to work 8 hours per day. Illustrate this choice diagrammatically using the feasible set and indifference curves. c) Use indifference curves and the feasible set to show why, given the properties of the optimal choice in part b), it is not optimal to work, say, 10, or 6 hours per day.
Assume that a person earns $10 per hour and her non-labor income increases from $100 to$200. She also has 110 hours a week to decide either to work or leisure. a. Draw a budget constraint of this person.b. Draw an indifference curve to show the income and substitution effect of change innon-labor income. HINT: you can draw two separate graphs to show the effect ofsubstitution and income effects.
(i) Keith’s marginal utility of leisure is C – 20 and his marginal utility of consumption is L – 50. There are 110 hours in the week available to split between work and leisure. Keith receives £250 of welfare payments each week regardless of how much he works (assume he spends all of his welfare payments on consumption). What is Keith’s reservation wage? (ii) Suppose Danny receives the same welfare payments each week as Keith and has the same number of available hours (110). However, Danny’s indifference curve is flatter than Keith’s. How would his reservation wage compare to Keith’s? Why?
What is two factors that may influence the shape of individuals’ indifference curves (flat or steep) which reflect their preferences for work or leisure? What is the difference between income effect and substitution effect under the basic work-leisure decision model?
John works in a shoe factory. He can work as many hours per day as he wishes at a wage rate w. Let C be the amount of dollars he spends on consumer goods and R. be the number of hours of leisure that he chooses. John's preferences are represented by U(C, R) = CR utility function Question 2 Part a John earns $8 an hour and has 18 hours per day to devote to labor or leisure, and he has $16 of nonlabor income per day. Draw John's indifference curves, budget constraints and solve for his optimal consumption and leisure choices.
Assume you can work as many hours you wish at £12 per hour (net of tax). If you do not work, you have no income. You have no ability to borrow or lend, so your consumption, c, is simply equal to your income. Assume that your optimal choice of consumption and leisure is to work 8 hours per day. Illustrate this choice diagrammatically using the feasible set and indifference curves.
Assume you can work as many hours you wish at £12 per hour (net of tax). If you do not work, you have no income. You have no ability to borrow or lend, so your consumption, c, is simply equal to your income. b) Assume that your optimal choice of consumption and leisure is to work 8 hours per day. Illustrate this choice diagrammatically using the feasible set and indifference curves.
Joko is a university student, working part-time at copying service center for Rp. 8/hour with zero non-labor income. (a) Graph Joko’s budget constraint and label the utility-maximing outcome if Joko opts to work 40 hours per week. (b) Suppose Joko’s parents decide to send him Rp.100/week. Graph Joko’s new budget constraint. (c) How many hours will Joko now have to work to maintain the same weekly income as in (a)?