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Question 1
(a) Consider an AD-AS model with Static Expectations. Show how changes in
(b) Consider an AD-AS model with Rational Expectations. Show how changes in the unanticipated component of monetary policy generate short-run movements in output.
(c) Explain how overlapping wage contracts generate persistence in output when there are monetary policy shocks.
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- Question Two Policy makers can respond to shocks in two possible ways i.e. no policy response and policy stabilisation of economic activity and inflation. Use the AS- AD framework to demonstrate how aggregate output and inflation would perform following an aggregate demand shock accompanied by monetary policy stabilisation measures Show how the outputs above would differ in case of a permanent shock on supply using the AD-AS framework. Discuss the adage that inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon. What are some of the practical limitations of this assertionQuestion 1 a) In light of the New Keynesian model, answer each of the following questions about the Central Bank’s adjustment of interest rate in response to each of the following shocks. Note that in each case, the Central Bank wants the output gap to be zero. (i) There is an increase in demand for money. (ii) There is a fall in current total factor productivity due to the pandemic. (iii) There is an expected increase in future total factor productivity due to the discovery of new technologies. b) In the New Keynesian model, assume that the economy is in a liquidity trap. Show that the Central Bank could somehow convince the public of more expected inflation in the future. Use an appropriate set of diagrams to explain your answers.The Reserve Bank of Australia provided conventional and unconventional monetary policy stimulus. a) Describe the key elements of the monetary policy stimulus. b) Explain how these policies have been helping the economy using the AS-AD model. c) What are the likely medium-run effects of this pandemic on the Australia potential output? Explain your reasons.
- If most shocks to the economy are ________ shocks, then ________. A) aggregate demand; inflation stabilization policy will also stabilize activity in the short-run B) permanent aggregate supply; inflation stabilization policy will also stabilize activity in the short-run C) temporary aggregate supply; inflation stabilization policy has no impact on economic activity in the long-run D) all of the above E) none of the aboveSubject : PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS Q1. Explain what are the lags in macroeconomic policies. Do these lags have more effect on monetary policy or fiscal policy and why?a) Consider an AD-AS model with Static Expectations. Show how changes in monetary policy generate short-run movements in output. (b) Consider an AD-AS model with Rational Expectations. Show how changes in the unanticipated component of monetary policy generate short-run movements in output. (c) Explain how overlapping wage contracts generate persistence in output when there are monetary policy shocks.
- Zambia like many countries in the sub-Saharan region have run substantial fiscal deficits over the last decade while at the same time their monetary authorities have allowed money supply to grow excessively thereby fueling inflationary pressure (Zambia’s inflation reached 22.5% in mid-2021 and has remained above the 6-8% target). Zambia like most nations on the continent have turned to the IMF seeking bailout packages to avoid economic collapse. As part of the IMF bailout packages, the Zambian ministry of Finance is required to narrow the fiscal deficit while the central bank is required to implement measures to bring inflation back into the target band of 6-8%. As an economist hired by his Excellence president Hakainde Hichilema, using appropriate macroeconomic models explain the short run impact of the IMF prescription on economic activity, price level, interest rates, exchange, net exports.QUESTION 6 06. Which of the following statements about Keynesian policy are TRUE? Multiple answers a) Keynesian policy is most effective in the flat Keynesian (or Depression) range of the Short-Rum Aggregate Supply (AS) curve, where increases in Aggregate Demand are not likely to cause products price inflation. b) Keynesian policy is totally ineffective in the vertical Classical (past-full employment) range of the Short-Run Aggregate Supply (AS) curve, where an increase in Aggregate Demand will be completely dissipated by products price inflation. c) In the Intermediate range of the Short-Run Aggregate Supply (AS) curve, the effectiveness of Keynesian policy is partially dissipated by products price inflation. d) The Short-Run Aggregate Supply (AS) curve may will be vertical when the economy is trying to produce beyond full employment. But a vertical AS curve can also result from resource suppliers acting on inflationary expectations. This too will…Suppose the Central bank announces today a change in monetary policy: it is increasing target inflation from 2% to 3%. Using the 3-equation model under adaptive expectations, explain how the economy adjusts to the change in monetary policy. (you need to use the graph, and explain in detail how the economy reacts to this change).
- part-c: illustrate the impact of an expansionary monetary policy on the inflation rate and the price level. Also do explain how the transition process works from the initial equilibrium to the final equilibrium. part-d: What is meant by the phrase “Money is neutral in the long run”? (in other words, what is monetary neutrality?). Explain by using the quantity equation part-e: What is the Fisher equation? What relationship does it represent?true or false Suppose that the central bank lost credibility in the sense that people no longer believe its inflation target (that is, inflation expectations are not `anchored’). In this case, both short-run output and long-run output do not increase in response to a permanently higher inflation target.Question Two As an investment advisor, you have been requested to advise a client on whether he should invest his ten million dollars in Zambia or in South Africa. What key theory would you apply to advise the client on the short term and medium term implications of investing locally and abroad? The Government of Zambia has decided to pursue a dual mandate of price stability and economic growth in the conduct of monetary policy. Advise on the possibility of the country achieving both price stability and economic activity stability in the case of a temporary supply shock. Ensure to demonstrate this with the aid of the Aggregate Demand and Aggregate supply framework.