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- Question 14 Exercise and the BrainIt is well established that exercise is beneficial for our bodies. Recent studies appear to indicate that exercise can also do wonders for our brains, or, at least, the brains of mice. In a randomized experiment, one group of mice was given access to a running wheel while a second group of mice was kept sedentary. According to an article describing the study, "The brains of mice and rats that were allowed to run on wheels pulsed with vigorous, newly born neurons, and those animals then breezed through mazes and other tests of rodent IQ"1 compared to the sedentary mice. Studies are examining the reasons for these beneficial effects of exercise on rodent (and perhaps human) intelligence. High levels of BMP (bone-morphogenetic protein) in the brain seem to make stem cells less active, which makes the brain slower and less nimble. Exercise seems to reduce the level of BMP in the brain. Additionally, exercise increases a brain protein called noggin, which…Question 1 In a flowering plant species, snapdragons, variation in flower color is determined by a single gene. RRgenotype individuals are red, Rr genotype individuals are pink, and rr genotype individuals are white. In a cross between two heterozygous (Rr) individuals, the expected ratio of red:pink:white-flowered offsprings is 1:2:1. Biologists did two cross experiments, and ask whether the results differ significantly from the expected. (a) The first cross experiment ends up with 40 offsprings, including 10 red, 21 pink, and 9 white. Write the null and alternative hypothesis for the chi-square test. Interpret the p-value and state the conclusion from your test. (b) The second cross experiment ends up with 4000 offsprings, including 1000 red, 2100 pink, and 900 white. This time, can you reject the null hypothesis? why? (Bonus question) Do the proportions of observed data in two experiments differ? Did the chi-square test results from…Question #4. US Universities found that 72% of people are concerned about the possibility that their personal records could be stolen over the Internet. If a random sample of 300 college students at a Midwestern university were taken and 228 of them were concerned about the possibility that their personal records could be stolen over the Internet, could you conclude at the 0.025 level of significance that a higher proportion of the university's college students are concerned about Internet theft than the public at large? Report the p-value for this test. Z0.025 = 1.96
- Question 02 There is a claim that drink driving has been very common in high ways. The Highway Police randomly caught 300 drivers for breath alcohol test and found that 14% of drivers have breath alcohol over the legal limit. At 4% level of significance, use the p-value approach to test the hypothesis that the percentage of drivers who are drink driving is more than 10%.Question No. 03: Research at the University of Toledo indicates that 50% of students change their major area of study after their first year in a program. A random sample of 100 students in the College of Business revealed that 48 had changed their major area of study after their first year of the program. Has there been a significant decrease in the proportion of students who change their major after the first year in this program? Test at the .05 level of significance.Question 1 Based on a national survey of adults in U.S, 60 percent of adult believe a phone-in poll of 300,000 people rather than a random sample of 1000 people. Which would you be more likely to believe and why? Question 2 A clinical trial was conducted in which 29 participants were given a pig whipworm egg treatment every 3 weeks for 6 months. At the end of the study, they found 79.3 percent of the subjects in the study experienced a reduction in Chrohn’s disease symptoms. What is the concern with the experimental design of this study? Question 3 You are interested in determining the average age of students at the University. Come up with two questions (and the possible answers they would select, if applicable) in which: 1-Age would be classified as a categorical variable. 2-Age would be classified as a numerical variable Question 4 Knowing the value of determining the sample size prior to the start of a study, you use appropriate sample size formula and calculate the required sample…
- A low-level CDC bureaucrat wants to please his boss by gathering evidence thatthe current government-mandated shutdown of society is not causing people’s mentalhealth to deteriorate, so that it can safely be continued for several years if anyexpert says it’s necessary.He polls a random sample of 1600 citizens, gathering data on such items asincome loss, weight gain, access to toilet paper, hours spent binge-watchingNetflix, and number of injuries caused by household fights, and compiles all thisinto a scientifically-weighted “misery index”.The mean misery index from the sample is 99.2; it seems reasonable to use apopulation standard deviation σ = 19.1.a) Does this information provide significant evidence (at the 5% level) that thenationwide mean misery index is less than 100? Set up appropriate null andalternative hypotheses, calculate the appropriate test statistic, find the P-value,and state your conclusion. (10)b) A CDC press release publishing the results of this study claims that…A low-level CDC bureaucrat wants to please his boss by gathering evidence thatthe current government-mandated shutdown of society is not causing people’s mentalhealth to deteriorate, so that it can safely be continued for several years if anyexpert says it’s necessary.He polls a random sample of 1600 citizens, gathering data on such items asincome loss, weight gain, access to toilet paper, hours spent binge-watchingNetflix, and number of injuries caused by household fights, and compiles all thisinto a scientifically-weighted “misery index”.The mean misery index from the sample is 99.2; it seems reasonable to use apopulation standard deviation σ = 19.1.a) Does this information provide significant evidence (at the 5% level) that thenationwide mean misery index is less than 100? Set up appropriate null andalternative hypotheses, calculate the appropriate test statistic, find the P-value,and state your conclusion. b) A CDC press release publishing the results of this study claims that…A researcher randomly selected a sample of n = 500 individuals from a population with µ = 120 and administered an experimental treatment to the sample. What the researcher should expect if the treatment has no significant effect?
- QUESTION 19 To study whether the students at a university are more or less satisfied with the current food service compared to the previous food service, a sample of 90 current students is taken and finds that 37 are satisfied with the current food service. A similar survey was taken for the previous food service in which 89 students surveyed found that 40 were satisfied with the previous food service. When testing the hypothesis (at the 5% level of significance) a higher percentage of students were satisfied with the previous food service than with the current food service, what is the test statistic? (please round your answer to 2 decimal places)NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…