Question 3: Using Microsoft Excel: (Excel file Assignment10.xlsx) a. Calculate the mean and sample standard deviation of both the independent and dependent variables. b. Calculate the correlation coefficient, r, using Excel's CORREL function. Explain what it means. c. Calculate the coefficient of determination, r2, using Excel's RSQ function. Explain what it means. a very high score.
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- A researcher would like to evaluate the claim that drinking large quantities of water can help prevent the common cold. One group of participants drinks 8 glasses of water every day, and a second group drinks 2 glasses of water every day. The researcher records the number of colds each individual experiences during the 4-month winter season. what is the independent variable? what research method is being used experimental or correlational?The National Science Foundation (NSF) paid for “systemic initiatives” to help cities to reform their public education systems in ways that should help students to learn better. The initiative in Chicago focused on improving the teaching of mathematics in high schools. The average scores of students on a standard test of math skills were higher after two years of the programs in 51 out of 60 high schools in the city. Leaders of NSF said that this was evidence that the Chicago program was succeeding. Critics said that this doesn’t say anything about the effect of the systematic initiative. Who is correctWhy does Squared Correlation Coefficient Doesn’t Ensure Cause-Effect?
- Research indicates that there may be a relationship between caffeinated coffee consumption and risk of depression in women. Provided is data on the amount of caffeinated coffee consumed and whether the woman was diagnosed with clinical depression. Of interest is to see if there is evidence of an association between caffeinated coffee intake and clinical depression in women. Using the provided output, what is the pvalue and what are the results of the test? Caffeinated coffee Depression <1 cup/wk >=1 cup/day 2-3 cups/day 4+ cups/day Total Yes 670 1278 564 95 2607 No 11545 22573 11726 2288 48132 Total 12215 23851 12290 2383 50739 Pearson's Chi-squared testdata: coffeeX-squared = 19.472, df = 3, p-value = 0.0002184 A. pvalue=3 <= alpha(0.05), H0 is rejected. There is an association between depression and caffeine intake in women B. pvalue=19.472 <= alpha(0.05), H0 is rejected. There is an association between depression and caffeine intake in…What does a particial correlation in a multiple regress analysis help us get information about?Compute the value of the correlation coefficient between time spend for studyingand current CGPA and describe the relationship.
- What does it mean to say that the linear correlation coefficient between two variables equal 1? Explain the difference between correlation and causation using a real-world, unique exampleInitial data from a sample of 100 people suggests that stress increases blood pressure (a positive correlation is observed). What is the null hypothesis?What is the point estimate of the annual income of a salesperson with three years of college? Test whether the number of years in college has a significant impact on income at α= .05. What are the hypotheses? How do you test the hypotheses? What is the conclusion? What is the value of the correlation coefficient between dependent variable and independent variable? What is the implication of the correlation coefficient? What is the R Square of this model? What does it mean? Use the information in ANOVA table to calculate R square.
- There is evidence that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (T cells) participate in controlling tumor growth and that they can be harnessed to use the body's immune system to treat cancer. One study investigated the use of a T cell-engaging antibody, blinatumomab, to recruit T cells to control tumor growth. The data below are T cell counts (1000 per microliter) at baseline (beginning of the study) and after 20 days on blinatumomab for six subjects in the study.† The difference (after 20 days minus baseline) is the response variable. Baseline: 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.38 0.33 After 20 days: 0.28 0.47 1.30 0.25 1.22 0.44 Difference: 0.24 0.45 1.30 0.23 0.84 0.11 Do the data give convicing evidence that the mean count of T cells is higher after 20 days on blinatumomab?Social Media Use and ADHD. Exercise 2.23 introduces a study examining whether frequent use of digital social media by teens is associated with subsequent development of ADHD symptoms. Researchers rated the frequency of social media use as High or Low for each teen. Two years later, they recorded whether or not ADHD symptoms had been diagnosed. The results are shown in the table below. Use StatKey or other technology to test whether the proportion of teens being diagnosed with ADHD is higher for teens with a high frequency of social media use than for those with a low frequency. Show all details of the test. Let Group 1 represent the teens with high social media use and Group 2 represent those with low social media use. State the null and alternative hypotheses. Give notation of the sample statistic. Give value of the sample statistic accurate to three decimal places. Use a randomization distribution to find the p-value. Give your answer accurate to three decimal places. Social…How does the answer to this question differ from the method used to find the difference of variability for the same data? (At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence of a difference in the variability of the computer anxiety experienced by males and females?) vs. (is there evidence of a significant difference in the average computer anxiety experienced by males and females.) Are both of these questions answered the same way, using the same formulas and method?