QUESTION 3 When firms have multi-market contact, it is always optimal for cartel to set the cartel price below the monopoly price. O True O False
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- Consider the curve in the figure below, which shows the market demand. marginal cost, and marginal revenue curve for firms in an oligopolistic industry. In this example, we assume firms have zero fixed costs. Suppose the firms collude to form a cartel. What price will the cartel charge? What quantity will the cartel supply? How much profit will the cartel earn? Suppose now that the cane] breaks up and the oligopolistic firms compete as vigorously as possible by cutting the price and increasing sales. What will be the industry quantity and price? What will be the collective profits of all firms in the industry? Compare the equilibrium price, quantity, and profit for the cartel and cutthroat competition outcomes.Would you expect the kinked demand curve to be more extreme (like a right angle) or less extreme (like a normal demand curve) if each film in the cartel produces a near-identical product Like OPEC and petroleum? What if each film produces a somewhat different product? Explain your reasoning.Sometimes oligopolies in the same industry are very different in size. Suppose we have a duopoly where one firm (Film A) is large and the other film (Film B) is small, as the prisoners dilemma box in Table 10.4 shows. Assuming that both films know the payoffs, what is the likely outcome in this case?
- Please no written by hand solution Suppose two firms compete in quantities (Cournot). Market demand is given by P = 260 − 2Q, where Q = q1 + q2. Both firms have constant MC = AT C = 20.a. Solve for the Cournot equilibrium and find the Cournot equilibrium profits for each firm.b. Now suppose the two firms formed a cartel. What would be the profits for each firm then?c. If firm 2 sticks to the cartel agreement (quantity), then what is the best response for firm 1 (if firm 1 were to deviate)? Find the profits for firm 1 from deviating.d. How large must the probability-adjusted discount factor be in order for the cartel to be stable?e. How would the answer to part d. change if the two firms were competing in prices (Bertrand)?Please answer all steps, because no too much detailed answers required.Consider the curve in Figure, which shows the market demand, marginal cost, and marginal revenue curve for firms in an oligopolistic industry. In this example, we assume firms have zero fixed costs. a. Suppose the firms collude to form a cartel. What price will the cartel charge? What quantity will the carte supply? How much profit will the cartel earn? b. Suppose now that the cartel breaks up and the oligopolistic firms compete as vigorously as possible by cutting the price and increasing sales. What will be the industry quantity and price? What will be the collective profits of all firms in the industry? c. Compare the equilibrium price, quantity, and profit for the cartel and cutthroat competition outcomes.Suppose three Cournot competitors, each with costs Ci = 30qi, face an inverse market demand curve of P = 480 – 4Q. Suppose merging will not change costs. a. Find profits for the three firms. Note: Don’t round your answers. How will the profits change for F1 and for F2|3 if F2 and F3 merge? b. Suppose that after the merger occurs, F1 and the new firm F2|3 successfully collude at setting the monopoly price and output, and splitting the resulting monopoly profits. How, if at all, does this change the impact of the merger on F1 and on the merged firm?
- arises when firms act together to reduce output and keep prices high. O Collateral O A cartel O A monopoly O An oligopolyOnly typed answer In a duopoly, each firm has marginal cost MC = 100, and market demand is Q = 500 - 0.5p. Assuming average cost is the same as marginal cost. In which oligopoly, Cournot or Stackelberg, do firms have more market power? a. Cournot since the Lerner Index in the Cournot model is twice as much as that in the Stackelberg model. b. Stackelberg since the Lerner Index in the Cournot model is twice as much as that in the Stackelberg model. c. Cournot since the Lerner Index in the Cournot model is about 1.08 times as much as that in the Stackelberg model. d. Stackelberg since the Lerner Index in the Cournot model is about 1.08 times as much as that in the Stackelberg model.Suppose oil production in the Gulf of Mexico was a symmetric horizontal oligopoly in Cournot competition. Assume there are two producers, each with a constant marginal cost of production of $50 per barrel. Let the demand function for oil in the region be D(p) = 12000 – 20p, where demand is measured in barrels per day. (You will need to calculate inverse demand from demand before moving on). What would the perfectly competitive equilibrium price and quantity be? What would be the consumer surplus and producer surplus? Draw each firm’s residual inverse demand curve. Calculate the Cournot-Nash equilibrium price and quantity. What is the total consumer surplus, total producer surplus across the two firms, and deadweight loss?
- 2) Assume that there are 2 firms producing an identical product. Both firms have the same total cost function TC(q) =q2. The inverse demand function for the firms' output is p=120 Q, where Q is the total output and p is price. 1. What are the equilibrium price, output and profits of each firm if they are competing with each other? (Hint: Consider the equilibrium in a Cournot game.) 2. What happens if they form a cartel? Calculate the equilibrium price, output, and profits for the cartel? 3. If a single firm cheated, what would its output and profits be, assuming the other firm maintains the cartel price? Calculate the new outputs and profits for bath firms: 4. Discuss why it is hard to enforce a cartel. Explain using words. DO NOT do any calculations. DO NOT draw any graphs. 5. What can the cartel members do to enforce the cartel agreement? Propose a method. Describe the method using words. DO NOT do any calculations. DO NOT draw any graphs.H7. For q1=120-2p1-p2 and q2=120-2p2+p1, show that the duopolists have incentives to collude as well as find the -joint profit-maximizing price, output and profit and find each firm’s price, output and profit. What is the optimal defection of each firm, is collusion Nash equilibrium? Show in 2x2 matrix. Is it a prisoner’s dilemma?Two dairy farmers produce milk for a local town with local milk demand given by Q=100-1/3P(P denotes price measured in Rands, Q denotes the quantity measured in liters). Both farmers have the same cost function given by TC=150+2q(wheredenotes output).(a) Determine the reaction function of each farmer. (b) Find the Cournot-Nash equilibrium. (c) Calculate profits for each farmer (d) Suppose that both farmers decide to form a cartel, determine profitsfor each farmer under the cartel (e) What output should farmer 1 produce if he/she expects their rival to produce 20 units? (f) Calculate the profits if farmer 2 decides to break the cartel agreement (g) Does joining a cartel offer any benefits to both farmers? Justify your answer (h) What if farmer 1 is a leader and farmer 2 a follower, determine the price, quantity and profits made by these two farmers. Please solve d, e,f,g and h
