Rank the following carbocations in decreasing order of stability. (CH3)½C-CHCH2 CH;CH CHCH, H2C-CHCH, II III Multiple Choice I>||> I II > || >|

Q: Which molecule(s) are achiral? A. (2R,3R)-2,3-Dichloropentane B. (2R,3S)-2,3-Dichloropentane C.…

A: A molecule is said to be chiral if it can't be superimposed on its mirror image by any means of…

Q: Rank the carbocation compounds below from most stable to least stable.

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Q: Which of the Newman projections below depict 3-ethylpentane? CH3 CH2CH3 H. H3CH2C CH2CH3 H3C. H. CH3…

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Q: Which of the following carbocations would be expected to rearrange? O None of these would be…

A: The given compounds are as follows.

Q: Which of the structures below is (4R)-4ethyl-2,4- dimethylcyclohexan-1-one?

A: From the structures below, (4R)-4ethyl-2,4- dimethylcyclohexan-1-one is:

Q: Which chair conformation of cis- and trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane has the lowest potenital energy?…

A: Cis-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane will have axial-equatorial (a,e) placement of methyl substituents. The…

Q: Explain why the halo-substituted benzenes have the relative reactivities

A: The electronegativity of fluorine is highest and thus it is inductively highly electron withdrawing…

Q: 3. Circle the alkene that is most electron rich. A Me Me Me Me Me -Me Me Me 4. Circle the…

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Q: CH2 CH А. C. D. H IU-UH B.

A: The stablity of carbocation depends upon number of hyperconjugation structures, which depends on…

Q: Which of the following is the most stable conformation of 1-bromopropane? CH3 H. CH3 H. H' H' H. Br…

A: In Newman projection, a circle and a dot show the two carbon atoms, attached through sigma bonds.…

Q: Which structure is consistent with a 1 transition state? 2 CH3 CHs H.C CH 4 3

A: A transition state is a very short lived configuration of atoms at a local energy maximum in a…

Q: 5. Provide the complete mechanism (arrow, lone pairs, formal charges) for the following…

A: In this question we have to tell the mechanism of the reaction.

Q: Rank the following in order of stability, from most stable -1 to least stable - 4

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Q: Rank the following carbocations, from least stable (left) to most stable (right). i. ii. ii. O i. <…

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Q: Rank the following carbocations in order of increasing amounts of hyperconjugation. The first in…

A: The amount of hyperconjugation depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms on the adjacent carbon to…

Q: Which of the following carbocations is(are) likely to rearrange? CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3, OCH2 CH3 CH3…

A: Structure is given  The carbocation likely to rearrange = ?

Q: 2- Which of the following is not an electrophile? A) C2H5OC¿Hs В) BF; C) [CH3];C+) D) HỌC

A: An  electron deficient species is known as electrophile.

Q: For each pair of structures in i-v, select the one that is more stable. i. [ Select ]

A: The stability of the product depends upon various factors. Some of them include: Less hindered…

Q: Match each bolded, red carbon to the label that correctly describes its substitution. CH(CH3)3 A.…

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Q: Which compound(s) is(are) secondary haloalkane(s)? H CH3 CH3 CH3-C CH3 CH3-C CI CH3-CH2-CH2 Br…

A: Secondary haloalkanes are those compounds in which halogen attached to carbon is further atteched…

Q: Please answer this NEATLY, COMPLETELY, and CORRECTLY for an UPVOTE. Long and detailed explanations…

A: When one bulky group is at axial position then it will cost two gauche butane interaction. This will…

Q: the stru e of the major organic product of the reaction below. CH(CH3)2 КОН H2C=C CHCI3 +. CH2CH3 •…

A: First of all chloroform form carbene when react with base (KOH) .This give addition reaction to…

Q: The highest energy and be not stable of the following carbocations is: CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 I II III IV…

A: The carbon atom bearing positive charge is known as carbocation.

Q: Which is 1-heptene? O CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CH2 O CH2=CHCH2CH2CH2CH3 O CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 O…

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Q: Rank the following carbocations in order of decreasing stability. Most stable

A: Carbocations are electron-deficient species that are formed by the removal of a hydrogen atom from…

Q: Rank the following alkenes from 1-4. 1 being most stable and 4 being least stable.

A: The stability of alkenes is defined by the substituents attached to the alkene or in terms of alpha…

Q: Identify the secondary carbocation from the following: o (CH3),CHCH2* O CH3CH2* o (CH3),CH* O CH3*

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Q: H;C CH3 HBr H;C H Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds),…

A: 1. This is an addition reaction.  2. HBr is added to alkene.  3. Morkonikoves addition rule is…

Q: SN1 or SN2? Draw the substitution produce for each of the following (if there is one). Br NaOH A H20…

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Q: Which conditions would achieve the following transformation? OCCH₂ ? --- a) CH,CI/AICI,, then…

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Q: Choose the major product of the reaction with correct regio- and stereo-chemistry. 0 ОН 'Br Br "Br…

A: We have to predict the final product of the reaction.

Q: Resonance stabilization can stabilize ___________ carbocations.

A: In aliphatic carbonation there is no scope of resonance as there is no conjugation So methyl ,…

Q: menthol HO A6 BI 4 DI 5

A: the number of possible stereoisomers for menthol are as follow.

Q: Explain the fact that the C-O stretch in ethers and esters occurs at 1000-1100 cm-1 when the C is sp…

A: The stretching frequency is dependent on the strength of the bond via the force constant. Stronger…

Q: Answer the questions about the molecule. What is the highest priority group? -H O-CH,CH,CH,CH3…

A: Priority of various groups is based on CIP rule which states that higher is the atomic number of…

Q: Determine the product(s) of the following reactions, and identify the major and minor products.

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Q: CH3 H (+) H;C-C-CH3 H,C-g-CH, CH3 H3C-CH2 А. С. D. B.

A: In this question, we will Select the most stable carbocation.  You can see details explanation and…

Q: + 1. Draw line structures of all of the C3H17* carbocations that have the carbon skeleton shown…

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Q: Write an additional resonance contributing structure for each carbocation and state which of the two…

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Q: List the following carbocations in each set in order from most stable to least stable: Rank from…

A: Primary Carbocation,1˚ - which carries '+' charge and is attached to only one alkyl group. Secondary…

Q: To the right of each name provide a correct structure. Show stereochemistry clearly in each case…

A: A question based on nomenclature that is to be accomplished.

Q: CH,CH, CH,CH, CH(CH)2 CH(CH)2 H,CH,C H,CH,C (H,C);HC (H,C);HC

A: Those conformation are most stable which have less group interaction.   If both group are far to…

Q: Circle which of the following is the most stable carbocation? Then BOX the least stable one? а) b)…

A: The carbocations given are,

Q: For each reaction, decide whether substitution or elimination (or both) is possible, andpredict the…

A: The reaction of haloalkanes with an electron rich species may either be a nucleophilic substitution…

Q: (i) increasing solubility in water. (CH3),CHCH,OH CH;CH,CH,CH,OH CH;CH,CH,Br CH;CH,OCH3 (a) (b) (d)…

A: The sequences are as follows:

Q: Which of the following carbocations is the least stable? -CH2* O (CH3)3C* O (CH3)2CH+ O CH2=CHCH,+

A: Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Q: Classify the following carbocations as primary, secondary, tertiary, methyl, or vinyl carbocations…

A: We have to predict the type of carbocation.

Q: Tah Here is the chemical structure of 2-methoxypropane: H. H=C–H н :0: Н H-C-C-C-H H. H H. Decide…

A: Given : Compound 2 methoxy propane is given  To find : Correct answers for the given compound…

Q: 2. Provide the missing curved electron arrows for the reaction below. нн H CH3 NaOH CH3 + H20 + NaBr…

A: The movement of electrons are shown by curved arrows. There are two types of arrows to show the…

Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms

In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.

Heterolytic Bond Breaking

Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission.  It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.

Polar Aprotic Solvent

Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.  

Oxygen Nucleophiles

Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols. 

Carbon Nucleophiles

We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.