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- In 20x2, Choctaw Company implements a new process affecting labor and materials. The following reported data are provided to evaluate the effect on the companys productivity: Required: 1. Calculate the productivity profile for 20x1. 2. Calculate the productivity profile for 20x2, and comment on the effect of the new production and assembly process. 3. What if the labor hours used in 20x2 were 112,500? What does comparison of the 20x1 and 20x2 profiles now communicate?Classifying costs as factory overhead Which of the following items are properly classified as part of factory overhead for Caterpillar? a. Amortization of patents on new assembly process b.Consultant fees for a study of production line employee productivity C. Depreciation on Peoria. Illinois, headquarters building d.Factory supplies used in the Morganton. North Carolina, engine parts plant e.Interest expense on debt f. Plant manager's salary at Aurora, Illinois, manufacturing plant g.Properly taxes on the Danville, Kentucky, tractor tread plant h.Sales incentive fees to dealers i. Steel plate j. Vice president of finance's salaryIdentify cost graphs The following cost graphs illustrate various types of cost behavior: For each of the following costs, identify the cost graph that best illustrates its cost behavior as the number of units produced increases. a. Direct material cost per unit. b. Fees for using a patent of $500,000 plus $0.25 for each unit produced. c. Salary of quality control supervisor. d. Straight-line depreciation per unit on factory equipment. e. Total direct materials cost.
- Mott Company recently implemented a JIT manufacturing system. After one year of operation, Heidi Burrows, president of the company, wanted to compare product cost under the JIT system with product cost under the old system. Motts two products are weed eaters and lawn edgers. The unit prime costs under the old system are as follows: Under the old manufacturing system, the company operated three service centers and two production departments. Overhead was applied using departmental overhead rates. The direct overhead costs associated with each department for the year preceding the installation of JIT are as follows: Under the old system, the overhead costs of the service departments were allocated directly to the producing departments and then to the products passing through them. (Both products passed through each producing department.) The overhead rate for the Machining Department was based on machine hours, and the overhead rate for assembly was based on direct labor hours. During the last year of operations for the old system, the Machining Department used 80,000 machine hours, and the Assembly Department used 20,000 direct labor hours. Each weed eater required 1.0 machine hour in Machining and 0.25 direct labor hour in Assembly. Each lawn edger required 2.0 machine hours in Machining and 0.5 hour in Assembly. Bases for allocation of the service costs are as follows: Upon implementing JIT, a manufacturing cell for each product was created to replace the departmental structure. Each cell occupied 40,000 square feet. Maintenance and materials handling were both decentralized to the cell level. Essentially, cell workers were trained to operate the machines in each cell, assemble the components, maintain the machines, and move the partially completed units from one point to the next within the cell. During the first year of the JIT system, the company produced and sold 20,000 weed eaters and 30,000 lawn edgers. This output was identical to that for the last year of operations under the old system. The following costs have been assigned to the manufacturing cells: Required: 1. Compute the unit cost for each product under the old manufacturing system. 2. Compute the unit cost for each product under the JIT system. 3. Which of the unit costs is more accurate? Explain. Include in your explanation a discussion of how the computational approaches differ. 4. Calculate the decrease in overhead costs under JIT, and provide some possible reasons that explain the decrease.Hicks Contracting collects and analyzes cost data in order to track the cost of installing decks on new home construction jobs. The following are some of the costs that they incur. Classify these costs as fixed or variable costs and as product or period costs. Lumber used to construct decks ($12.00 per square foot) Carpenter labor used to construct decks ($10 per hour) Construction supervisor salary ($45,000 per year) Depreciation on tools and equipment ($6,000 per year) Selling and administrative expenses ($35,000 per year) Rent on corporate office space ($34,000 per year) Nails, glue, and other materials required to construct deck (varies per job)Handbrain Inc. is considering a change to activity-based product costing. The company produces two products, cell phones and tablet PCs, in a single production department. The production department is estimated to require 2,000 direct labor hours. The total indirect labor is budgeted to be 200,000. Time records from indirect labor employees revealed that they spent 30% of their time setting up production runs and 70% of their time supporting actual production. The following information about cell phones and tablet PCs was determined from the corporate records: a. Determine the indirect labor cost per unit allocated to cell phones and tablet PCs under a single plantwide factory overhead rate system using the direct labor hours as the allocation base. b. Determine the budgeted activity costs and activity rates for the indirect labor under activity-based costing. Assume two activitiesone for setup and the other for production support. c. Determine the activity cost per unit for indirect labor allocated to each product under activity-based costing. d. Why are the per-unit allocated costs in (a) different from the per-unit activity cost assigned to the products in (c)?
- Pinter Company had the following environmental activities and product information: 1. Environmental activity costs 2. Driver data 3. Other production data Required: 1. Calculate the activity rates that will be used to assign environmental costs to products. 2. Determine the unit environmental and unit costs of each product using ABC. 3. What if the design costs increased to 360,000 and the cost of toxic waste decreased to 750,000? Assume that Solvent Y uses 6,000 out of 12,000 design hours. Also assume that waste is cut by 50 percent and that Solvent Y is responsible for 14,250 of 15,000 pounds of toxic waste. What is the new environmental cost for Solvent Y?For E2-17, prepare any journal entries that would have been different if the only trigger points had been the purchase of materials and the sale of finished goods. Davis Co. uses backflush costing to account for its manufacturing costs. The trigger points are the purchase of materials, the completion of goods, and the sale of goods. Prepare journal entries to account for the following: a. Purchased raw materials, on account, 70,000. b. Requisitioned raw materials to production, 70,000. c. Distributed direct labor costs, 15,000. d. Factory overhead costs incurred, 45,000. (Use Various Credits for the account in the credit part of the entry.) e. Completed all of the production started. f. Sold the completed production for 195,000, on account. (Hint: Use a single account for raw materials and work in process.)Natur-Gro, Inc., manufactures composters. Based on past experience, Natur-Gro has found that its total annual overhead costs can be represented by the following formula: Overhead cost = 264,000 + 1.42X, where X equals number of composters. Last year, Natur-Gro produced 30,000 composters. Actual overhead costs for the year were as expected. Total overhead for per unit was a. 1.42 b. 8.80 c. 11.63 d. 10.22
- At the end of 20x5, Bing Pharmaceuticals began to implement an environmental quality management program. As a first step, it identified the following costs in its accounting records as environmentally related for the calendar year just ended: Required: 1. Prepare an environmental cost report by category. Assume that total operating costs are 150,000,000. 2. Use a pie chart to illustrate the relative distribution percentages for each environmental cost category. Comment on what this distribution communicates to a manager.Davis Co. uses backflush costing to account for its manufacturing costs. The trigger points are the purchase of materials, the completion of goods, and the sale of goods. Prepare journal entries to account for the following: a. Purchased raw materials, on account, 70,000. b. Requisitioned raw materials to production, 70,000. c. Distributed direct labor costs, 15,000. d. Factory overhead costs incurred, 45,000. (Use Various Credits for the account in the credit part of the entry.) e. Completed all of the production started. f. Sold the completed production for 195,000, on account. (Hint: Use a single account for raw materials and work in process.)Cool Pool has these costs associated with production of 20,000 units of accessory products: direct materials, $70; direct labor, $110; variable manufacturing overhead, $45; total fixed manufacturing overhead, $800,000. What is the cost per unit under both the variable and absorption methods?