Riskless, costless arbitrage is the cornerstone of the efficient market hypothesis. However, multiple unavoidable risks in securities markets inhibit arbitrage as defined in financial theory (and investment textbooks) from successfully eliminating mispricing. Please list two of these unavoidable risks and briefly explain how each limits arbitrage in practice. Use an example to make your case for each risk. View keyboard shortcuts
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- Which of the following is not a characteristic of an efficient market? Investors can frequently make profits by predicting asset market prices that are different from intrinsic values. The market value of all securities at any one instant in time fully reflect all available information. Investors act rationally. The forces of demand and supply work to maintain that the security's market price and its intrinsic value are in equilibrium.Mark thinks that there is an interesting paradox of the efficient market hypothesis. If the market believes that prices reflect all information, investors will stop seeking mispriced securities. This may lead to more mispriced stocks and more inefficiency. However, if the market believes that inefficiency still exists, the competition of trying to be the first to find mispriced securities will make markets more efficient. Do you agree with Mark? Why or why not? Please briefly comment.Applying the capital asset pricing model requires that one find appropriate inputs for the risk-free rate, the market rate of return (and market risk premium), and beta. Why is beta, in particular, difficult to pin down? a. People don't have ready access to financial data and won't have any source for this information in the near future. b. The major internet sources of financial data are notoriously unreliable. c. Hackers have been known to manipulate financial data for their own purposes. d. People must rely on historical performance information, and they have to assume that historical relationships continue into the future.
- Which of the following is NOT an assumption used in deriving the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)? Investors can buy and sell all securities at competitive market prices without incurring taxes or transactions cost and can borrow and lend at the risk-free interest rate Investors hold only efficient portfolios of traded securities. Investors have homogeneous expectations regarding the volatilities, correlation, and expected returns of securities. Investors have homogeneous risk averse preferences toward taking on risk.Your investment client asks for information concerning the benefits of active portfolio management. She is particularly interested in the question of whether active managers can be expected to consistently exploit inefficiencies in the capital markets to produce above-average returns without assuming higher risk.The semistrong form of the efficient market hypothesis asserts that all publicly available information is rapidly and correctly reflected in securities prices. This implies that investors cannot expect to derive above-average profits from purchases made after information has become public because security prices already reflect the information’s full effects.a. Identify and explain two examples of empirical evidence that tend to support the EMH implication stated above.b. Identify and explain two examples of empirical evidence that tend to refute the EMH implication stated above.c. Discuss reasons why an investor might choose not to index even if the markets were, in fact,…Jeffrey Bruner, CFA, uses the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to help identify mispriced securities. A consultant suggests Bruner use arbitrage pricing theory (APT) instead. In comparing CAPM and APT, the consultant makes the following arguments:a. Both the CAPM and APT require a mean-variance efficient market portfolio.b. Neither the CAPM nor the APT assumes normally distributed security returns.c. The CAPM assumes that one specific factor explains security returns but APT does not.State whether each of the consultant’s arguments is correct or incorrect. Indicate, for each incorrect argument, why the argument is incorrect.
- Which is correct about security valuation? A. In an efficient market, several factors would affect the market and value is not necessarily equals the price. B. The value of the security is determined to compare it with the current market price and usually investor would buy when the value equals the price. C. Sellers would prefer the accept lower bid price than higher bid price to realize gains. D. Investors buy securities when securities are underpriced and sell them when it is overpriced. E. All of the above F. None of the aboveIt is said that market mispricing creates arbitrage opportunities. The other side of the coin is that the actions of arbitrageurs contribute to the removal of mispricing. How do you reconcile these seemingly contrary arguments?QUESTION Hedging is a risk management strategy that is used in limiting or offsetting probability of loss from fluctuations in the prices of commodities, currencies, or securities. In effect, hedging is a transfer of risk without buying insurance policies. REQUIRED: Discuss the importance of hedging to the financial risk manager Are there any downside to hedging?
- Market neutral bets can result in ______ volatility because hedge funds use ______. Group of answer choices very low; hedging techniques to eliminate risk low; risk management techniques to reduce risk considerable; risk management techniques to reduce risk considerable; considerable leverage none of the aboveOne of the basic promises of security analysis, and in particular fundamental analysis is that A- a stock's price is based on the cash flows it has generated in the past B- market sectors and industries do not move in concert with business cycle C- all securities have an intrinsic value that their market value will approach over time D- a security's risk has relatively litthe effect on the security's returnIf the security market is efficient in the strong form, then _____. Group of answer choices a. it is impossible to consistently outperform the market by using technical analysis, which tries to find security mispricing by analyzing historical security price data b. it is impossible to consistently outperform the market by using fundamental analysis, which tries to find security mispricing by analyzing non-price public information c. it is impossible to consistently outperform the market by using inside information d. it is impossible to consistently outperform the market by using technical analysis, fundamental analysis or inside information