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- Seedsbearing eliasomes are likely to be dispersed by:a.ants.b.wind.c.water.d.birds.e.scatterhoarding mammals.Whos the Pollinator? Massonia depressa is a low-growing succulent plant native to the desert of South Africa. The dull-colored flowers of this monocot develop at ground level, have tiny petals, emit a yeasty aroma, and produce a thick. jellylike nectar. These features led researchers to suspect that desert rodents such as gerbils pollinate this plant. To test their hypothesis, the researchers trapped rodents in areas where M. depressa grows and checked them for pollen. They also put some plants in wire cages that excluded mammals, but not insects, to see whether fruits and seeds would form in the absence of rodents. The results are shown in FIGURE 29.20. A The dull, petalless, ground-level flowers of Massonia depressa are accessible to rodents, who push their heads through the stamens to reach the nectar at the bottom of floral cups. Note the pollen on the gerbils snout. Type of rodent Number caught # With pollen on snout # with pollen in feces Namaqua rock rat A 3 2 Cape spiny mouse 3 2 2 Hairy-footed gerbil A 2 A Cape short-eared gerbil 1 0 1 African pygmy mouse 1 0 0 B Evidence of Visits to M. depressa by rodents. Mammals allowed Mammals excluded access to plants from plants Percent of plants that set fruit 30.4 4.3 Average number of fruits par plant 1.39 0.47 Average number of seeds per plant 20.0 1.95 C Fruit and seed production of M. depressa with and without visits by mammals. Mammals are excluded from plants by wire cages with openings large enough for insects to pass through. Twenty-three plants were tested in each group. FIGURE 29.20 Testing pollination of M. depressa by rodents. 1. How many of the 13 captured rodents showed some evidence of pollen from M. depressa?In flowrers, the structures that produce male gametophytes are called ______; the structures that produce female gametophytes are called _______. a. carpels; stamens b. pollen grains; flowers c. anthers; carpels d. megaspores; microspores
- Volatile Secondary Metabolites in Plant Stress Responses In 2007, researchers Casey Delphia, Mark Mescher, and Consuelo De Moraes (pictured at left) published a study on the production of different volatile chemicals by tobacco plants in response to predation by two types of insects: western flower thrips and tobacco budworms. Their results are shown in FIGURE 30.19. FIGURE 30.19 Volatile (airborne) compounds produced by tobacco plants in response to predation by different insects. Plants were untreated (C), attacked thrips (T), mechanically wounded (W), mechanically wounded and attacked by thrips (WT), attacked by budworms (HIV), or attacked by budworms and thrips (HVT). Values are in nanograms/day. Which treatment elicited the greatest production of volatiles?Whos the Pollinator? Massonia depressa is a low-growing succulent plant native to the desert of South Africa. The dull-colored flowers of this monocot develop at ground level, have tiny petals, emit a yeasty aroma, and produce a thick. jellylike nectar. These features led researchers to suspect that desert rodents such as gerbils pollinate this plant. To test their hypothesis, the researchers trapped rodents in areas where M. depressa grows and checked them for pollen. They also put some plants in wire cages that excluded mammals, but not insects, to see whether fruits and seeds would form in the absence of rodents. The results are shown in FIGURE 29.20. A The dull, petalless, ground-level flowers of Massonia depressa are accessible to rodents, who push their heads through the stamens to reach the nectar at the bottom of floral cups. Note the pollen on the gerbils snout. Type of rodent Number caught # With pollen on snout # with pollen in feces Namaqua rock rat A 3 2 Cape spiny mouse 3 2 2 Hairy-footed gerbil A 2 A Cape short-eared gerbil 1 0 1 African pygmy mouse 1 0 0 B Evidence of Visits to M. depressa by rodents. Mammals allowed Mammals excluded access to plants from plants Percent of plants that set fruit 30.4 4.3 Average number of fruits par plant 1.39 0.47 Average number of seeds per plant 20.0 1.95 C Fruit and seed production of M. depressa with and without visits by mammals. Mammals are excluded from plants by wire cages with openings large enough for insects to pass through. Twenty-three plants were tested in each group. FIGURE 29.20 Testing pollination of M. depressa by rodents. 2. Would this evidence alone be sufficient to conclude that rodents are the main pollinators for this plant?Whos the Pollinator? Massonia depressa is a low-growing succulent plant native to the desert of South Africa. The dull-colored flowers of this monocot develop at ground level, have tiny petals, emit a yeasty aroma, and produce a thick. jellylike nectar. These features led researchers to suspect that desert rodents such as gerbils pollinate this plant. To test their hypothesis, the researchers trapped rodents in areas where M. depressa grows and checked them for pollen. They also put some plants in wire cages that excluded mammals, but not insects, to see whether fruits and seeds would form in the absence of rodents. The results are shown in FIGURE 29.20. A The dull, petalless, ground-level flowers of Massonia depressa are accessible to rodents, who push their heads through the stamens to reach the nectar at the bottom of floral cups. Note the pollen on the gerbils snout. Type of rodent Number caught # With pollen on snout # with pollen in feces Namaqua rock rat A 3 2 Cape spiny mouse 3 2 2 Hairy-footed gerbil A 2 A Cape short-eared gerbil 1 0 1 African pygmy mouse 1 0 0 B Evidence of Visits to M. depressa by rodents. Mammals allowed Mammals excluded access to plants from plants Percent of plants that set fruit 30.4 4.3 Average number of fruits par plant 1.39 0.47 Average number of seeds per plant 20.0 1.95 C Fruit and seed production of M. depressa with and without visits by mammals. Mammals are excluded from plants by wire cages with openings large enough for insects to pass through. Twenty-three plants were tested in each group. FIGURE 29.20 Testing pollination of M. depressa by rodents. 3. How did the average number of seeds produced by caged plants compare with that of control plants?
- Whos the Pollinator? Massonia depressa is a low-growing succulent plant native to the desert of South Africa. The dull-colored flowers of this monocot develop at ground level, have tiny petals, emit a yeasty aroma, and produce a thick. jellylike nectar. These features led researchers to suspect that desert rodents such as gerbils pollinate this plant. To test their hypothesis, the researchers trapped rodents in areas where M. depressa grows and checked them for pollen. They also put some plants in wire cages that excluded mammals, but not insects, to see whether fruits and seeds would form in the absence of rodents. The results are shown in FIGURE 29.20. A The dull, petalless, ground-level flowers of Massonia depressa are accessible to rodents, who push their heads through the stamens to reach the nectar at the bottom of floral cups. Note the pollen on the gerbils snout. Type of rodent Number caught # With pollen on snout # with pollen in feces Namaqua rock rat A 3 2 Cape spiny mouse 3 2 2 Hairy-footed gerbil A 2 A Cape short-eared gerbil 1 0 1 African pygmy mouse 1 0 0 B Evidence of Visits to M. depressa by rodents. Mammals allowed Mammals excluded access to plants from plants Percent of plants that set fruit 30.4 4.3 Average number of fruits par plant 1.39 0.47 Average number of seeds per plant 20.0 1.95 C Fruit and seed production of M. depressa with and without visits by mammals. Mammals are excluded from plants by wire cages with openings large enough for insects to pass through. Twenty-three plants were tested in each group. FIGURE 29.20 Testing pollination of M. depressa by rodents. 4. Do these data support the hypothesis that rodents are required for pollination of M. depressa? Why or why not?A giant puffball (FIGURE 23.13C) produces trillions of spores that disperse on wind. A stinkhom (FIGURE 23.13D) makes fewer spores and they are dispersed by insects. How are these differences analgous to differences in pollen production and dispersal among plants? C Giant puffball D Stinkhom FIGURE 23.13 Diverse club fungus fruiting bodies (basidiocarps)A waxy cuticle helps land plants ___ . a. oonserve water b. take up carbon dioxide c. reproduce d. stand upright
- Importance of Avocado sunblotch viroid3. Across plant thr Shawnee believe caused milk sicknessWhichof the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor aplant species that makes many small seeds, compared to one that makes fewerlarger seeds?a.Nutrient limitationb.Competition from established plantsc.Shaded. Deep burial in soile.Disturbance