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- Focus on the concept of marginal propensity to consume and reflect on which of the following would be implied by a highmarginal propensity to consume.O A small change in consumption when income changesO A high saving rateO A high marginal tax rateO An equilibrium level of income near full employmentO A low marginal propensity to saveSuppose that due ot a fiscal stimulus, there is an increase in disposable incomes of $100 billion in the first round. Then, $33 billion was spent in consumption from this initial change of the disposable incomes. Following the same marginal propensity to consume, how much is the change in consumption spending in the next round from the $33 billion?Suppose that consumer spending initially rises by $5 billion for every 1 percent rise in household wealth and that investment spending initially rises by $20 billion for every 1 percentage point fall in the real interest rate. Also assume that the economy’s multiplier is 4. b. In what direction and by how much will it eventually shift?
- In a closed economy with no government, aggregate expenditure is Select one: O a. None of the options O b. Net Tax plus Consumption O c. consumption plus the MPC O d. saving plus investment.(a) Suppose in a simple Keynesian economy, planned consumption function is given by C=250+0.65(Y-T). Planned investment, government purchases, taxes are $100 million, $100 million and $150 million respectively. What is MPC, MPS and autonomous consumption Derive the saving function. What is the equilibrium level of income? Y= AD=C+I+G If government purchases increase to $150 million, what is the new equilibrium level of income? What level of government purchases is needed to achieve an income of $2000 million? From question e) you get the newly government purchase. Now find out the multiplier value What is the amount of shift in AD curve? [Use the multiplier value from e)] (b) In a self-regulating economy “X”, labor supply is 40 million but labor demand is 10 million. What will happen in goods and service market simultaneously? Explain this situation with relevant graph. Based on your findings in a) is it denoting long run equilibrium? If not, will the economy be able to restore…1. Define marginal propensity to consume. Explain its relationship with marginal propensity to save. 2. Distinguish between MPC and APC. 3. Estimate the marginal propensity to consume in an economy in which the aggregate consumption expenditure from k400 000 to 500 000. 4.define the multiplier. Apart from income generation via the multiplier process, what other important role does investment play in an underdeveloped economy? Define inflation. With the help of diagrams bring out the distinction between cost push and demand pull inflation. Are the economic effects of inflation identical for all sections of society. Discuss giving comprehensive examples. Using the IS- LM model, discuss how equilibrium is attained in the money and products market distinctively, to arrive at the general level of equilibruim in an economy. What happens to interest rates as prices change along a given AD schedule? Explain using the IS - LM model. Explain the fixed and flexible exchange rates. What is the…
- Suppose that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. If the government decreases spending by Ksh 500 billion, what is the change in output? If the government decreases taxes by Ksh 500 billion, what is the change in (ii) output? If the government decreases transfer payments by ksh 500 billion, what is the change in output If the government decreases spending by ksh 500 billion and at the same time decreases taxes by ksh 500 billion, what is the change in output?5 3. permanent Income Hypothesis a) suppose that beta=.9 and R= 2222 (that is ~22%). For an individual who acts according to the PIH, will their consumption next period be higher than current consumption or lower? b) What is the main crucial difference between the Keynesian Consumption function and the consumption function derived from the PIH (or Lifetime Income Hypothesis)? c) If Present Value of future income stream is 500,000 and a person has a beta of.8, how much will their consumption go up today if only today's income increases by 1000? How much will their consumption increase (approximately) if their income goes up by 1000 in all periods?Q) For this question, assume the marginal propensity to consume is 0.7. a. Calculate the change in private saving, public saving, national saving, and investment when taxes increase $100. b. Calculate the change in private saving, public saving, national saving, and investment when government purchases decrease $100. c. Which causes a larger change in investment, the increase in taxes in part a or the decrease in government purchases in part b? Support your answer. Explain it correctly and all subparts.
- Elaborate on the difference between a binding and non-binding borrowing constraints and thetwo consumption functions that result.b. From the Intertemporal Choice Model, many theories (non-Keynesian theories ofConsumption) came into being. Using graphical and mathematical expressions, compareand contrast the following theories on consumption behaviours:i. Franco Modigliani: Life-Cycle Hypothesisii. Milton Friedman: Permanent-Income Hypothesisiii. Robert Hall: Random Walk HypothesisAssume in Macroland, MPC = 0.8, and autonomous consumption = $2000. Planned investment = $5000, and planned government purchases = $4000. All planned expenditure are autonomous expenditures. Taxes ( T) is = zero, and net exports = zero. f) If at the current level of equilibrium, the economy is experiencing an inflationary gap $2000. How much is the full employment GDP? g) How much does planned investment change to close the inflationary gap? h) Graph the planned expenditure function. Show the change (shift) for a change in investment to close the gap. Show equilibrium points, full-employment GDP. Label all points clearlyADVANCED ANALYSIS Assume that the consumption schedule for a private closed economy is such that consumption is: C = 100 + 0.75Y Assume further that planned investment Ig is independent of the level of real GDP and constant at Ig = 50. Recall also that, in equilibrium, the real output produced (Y) is equal to aggregate expenditures: Y = C + Ig Instructions: Enter your answers as whole numbers.a. Calculate the equilibrium level of income or real GDP for this economy. Equilibrium GDP (Y) = $ . b. What happens to equilibrium GDP if Ig changes to 60? Equilibrium GDP (Y) = $ . What does this outcome reveal about the size of the spending multiplier? Spending multiplier = .