Shocks to the Equilibrium 1. Complete the sentences: The equilibrium changes only if These demand and supply curves shift if 2. The estimated monthly U.S. demand function for avocados is Q = 144 - 40p + 20pt, where pt is the price of tomatoes, a substitute for avocados. The estimated supply function is Q = 50 + 15p. The initial price of tomatoes is $0.80. Using algebra, determine the initial equilibrium price and quantity of avocados, and then determine how price and quantity change if the price of tomatoes increases by $0.55 to $1.35.
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- Let us define "peak oil" as a point in time where the quantity of oil extracted and consumed (let's just assume these are the same) reaches a maximum and then starts to decline. Based on economic theory, (in other words, I'm not asking you to predict anything specific about the oil market in the real world, just a general theory question) should we expect this period of declining production to be accompanied by high and rising prices or by low/falling prices? Give a brief explanation using graphs where appropriate.A neoclassical economist and a Keynesian economist are studying the economy of Vineland. It appeals that Vineland is beginning to experience a mild recession with a decrease in aggregate demand. Which of these two economists would likely advocate that the government of Vineland take active measures to reverse this decline in aggregate demand? Why?Suppose the economy of the hypothetical country “X” is currently in equilibrium at point A on thegraph. There were two major shocks to the economy in 2020.First shock was related to oil prices; the other was related to consumer confidence about futurebusiness conditions. Oil Shock: The economy X faced a rise in the average price of oil along with the rise of world price ofoil.E) Would an increase in oil prices cause a demand shock or a supply shock? Redraw the diagram toillustrate the effect of this shock by shifting the appropriate curve. What happens to theAggregate output and price level after the shock? (3)F) If policymakers wish to prevent the equilibrium output from changing in response to the oilprice increase, should they use contractionary or expansionary fiscal policy? (Redraw the graphfrom part E and show the change) (4)G) Even if the economy moves back to original Aggregate output, will there be any drawback? (1)Consumer Confidence Index: The Consumer Confidence Index…
- A key skill in economics is the ability to use the theory of demand and supply to analyze specific markets. In this assignment you get a chance to demonstrate your ability to analyze the effects of several “shocks” to the market for coffee. Answer all parts of each of the scenario below. Suppose the Ministry of Heath (MOH) in Malaysia publishes a study finding that coffee drinking reduces the probability of getting colon cancer. How do you imagine this will affect the market for coffee? Why?Explain how each ofthe following shocks can impact the demand orsupply of oil:A. A worldwide economic recession.B. Improved oildrilling technology.C. War in a majoroil producing country.D. Greaterenvironmentalawareness about climate change.Consider the following extract and then answers the questions that follow: How SA's recession is impacting consumer spending Consumers are actively doing pre‐shopping research either through broadsheets or online, and comparing retailers’ offerings to seek out the best value before even leaving the house. Consumers simply no longer purchase certain items, pointing to their extreme need for frugality in current market conditions. Added to this, consumers have also changed the way they use these products in their homes to maximise usage and minimise wastage. This includes the alternative use of products, like using margarine in place of cooking oil and fragranced body lotion instead of perfume. Q1. Discuss the impact of the economy on consumer behaviour.Note: it is important that you consider using examples that is relevant and specific to the scenario provided when responding to this question. Q2. Finding cheaper prices online is one driver for online shopping. Describe any four other…
- 1. Supply and demand in the neoclassical economy Consider an economy in which the consumption, investment and production functions are as follows. C = 90 + 0.7(Y − T) I = 250 − 20r F(K, L) = AK0.5L0.5 The capital and labor supply are equal to 100 each, A=10, G = 200 and T = 200. Compute the equilibrium values of output, overall labor income, consumption, public savings, national savings, investment, and the interest rate. Suppose now government spending increases to G=300 (everything else stays the same). What happens to output, consumption, savings, investment and the interest rate? Compute the new values for these variables.Based on economic theory, (in other words, I'm not asking you to predict anything specific about the oil market in the real world, just a general theory question) should we expect this period of declining production to be accompanied by high and rising prices or by low/falling prices? Give a brief explanation using graphs where appropriate.Over the last couple of years, food prices have increased substantially. Present two separate supply-demandanalyses to explain why the observed price increases could come from two fundamentally different causes.In one of your analyses, show that some “negative supply side shock”, like the Covid lockdowns that disruptedsupplies of goods and services, could have caused the observed increase in prices. In your other analysis,show that some “positive demand side shock”, like the large increases in government spending associatedwith Covid, could have caused the observed increases in prices. For full credit, identify how the results of thetwo analyses differ, and explain how you could use that difference to decide which type of shock was moresignificant in terms of explaining the observed price increases.
- 1. When the federal government engages in COVID-19 fiscal stimulus such as the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and the American Rescue Plan Act this will affect the AD-AS model by: Group of answer choices a. Decreasing aggregate demand (AD). b. Increasing aggregate demand (AD). c. Decreasing aggregate supply (AS). d. Increasing aggregate supply (AS).True or False & Explain (a) In a general equilibrium analysis, when individual demand functions are not continuous, an equilibrium in which aggregate demand equals aggregate supply does not exist. (b) A second-price sealed-bid auction is, in general, worse for the seller than a first-price sealed-bid format because in the former case her revenue equals only the second-highest bid while in the latter case she gets the highest bid.Now suppose I (inventories) decreases by $80 billion as a result of a macroeconomic shock. Modify your macroeconomic model to reflect this change ceteris paribus and answer the following questions (questions 21 - 25). - At GDP of 7400 1. Inventories are in surplus by 80 2. Inventories are in shortage by 80 3. Equilibrium is achieved by the macroeconomy according to the Keynesians 4. Inventories are in surplus by 160 - At GDP of 9000 1. Inventories are in surplus by 80 2. Inventories are in shortage by 320 3. Equilibrium is achieved by the macroeconomy according to both the Keynesian and Neoclassical economists 4. Inventories are in surplus by 160 - At GDP of 8200 1. Inventories are in surplus by 80 2. Inventories are in shortage by 320 3. Equilibrium is achieved by the macroeconomy according to both the Keynesian and Neoclassical economists 4. Inventories are in shortage by 4000 - At GDP of 8200 1. Inventories are in surplus by 80 2. Inventories are in shortage by 320 3.…